Reserach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reserach - Essay ExampleThis occurs when the given look intoers become more curious in establishing or increasing ones knowledge and understanding the given topic. Exploration also assists an academic query to unveil new or related but undisclosed facts about the given case of study. Research also helps in description of phenomenon not known or well understood by particular individuals. Descriptive interrogation tell clarifies the orientation of facts about particular field and their significance in the given field of study additionally, research helps in explanation of concepts by answering questions such as how, when, what and where. Effectiveness of nay research relies on its validity and the underlying purpose of the given research. Effective research should answer or present viable solution to certain definitive and real problems faced in particular field of study.Researches have common characteristics underscored from the terms used during collection to presentation of data . Data in a research work refers to the investigated and unprocessed development. Data collection refers to the process of exploring, investigating and recording of information during research. Data collection may involve various activities like sampling, experimentation, questioning, interviewing and case studying. Data analysis involves subtraction of the gathered information to produce viable and reliable conclusion about the study. Sampling in research involves selection or taking part of the research sample to move and accomplish the investigation. Experimentation in a research work entails organization and carrying of experiments using the collected samples. Experimentation is a common modus operandi in accomplishing scientific researches and usually carried in science laboratories. Case study is a common research technique employed when investigating business organizations and processes. Case study focuses on the business organization, leadership, marketing

Fictional children's story about homelessness + critical component Assignment

Fictional childrens story about homelessness + hypercritical component - Assignment ExampleTherefore, he could not ask her to get him a new partner off. whizz day he decided, it was time to get new shoes at his own. Hed been conservation money for a month now. And today he could finally paint the fence outside Robinsons house and get the remaining money that he needed for buying the shoes. While passing a shop on his way, Sam noticed his reflection in the glass window. Except for the fresh scandalize from last evening, he thought he looked presentable. A day earlier, Sam was on his way to the hoops court when a random car stopped near him for merely a second. The window turn over down and a stone came out and landed on his forehead. So, seeing his reflection, Sam adjusted his vibrissa to hide the wound and continued heading towards Mr. Robinsons house. The Robinsons place was a huge egg white house with a beautiful front garden. The fence Sam was to paint surrounded the lush car park garden, and added to the homely feeling of the house. Ringing the bell, he was invited in by Mrs. Robinson. The house felt warm, cozy and welcome from inside as well. She led Sam to Mr. Robinsons study where she offered him some homemade cake as well. Sam instantly developed a liking for the Robinsons family. Sam was 14 years old. So he got the cook on basis of a class assignment in which he had to share a thrilling bewilder. He told Mr. Robinson that he had decided to paint for the assignment but his house neither had a fence nor anything else that could be painted. Mr. Robinson agreed to help and provided him with the paint brush, a bucket of paint and a pair of his sons old clothes which seemed newer to Sam than the ones he was wearing. So, Sam kept them and decided to work in his own. Sam found the painting job easy. Being near the Robinsons family was a pleasant experience for him. From time to time, Mrs. Robinson would come out to check how he was doing, and gave h im something homemade to eat on every visit. Robinsons family comprised of the parents, a 4 year old daughter and a son of Sams age. later on a while the family came out in the lawn to enjoy the sun. The boy started playing with Jack, his dog. The little girl sit near her mother scribbling on a drawing pad. Mr. Robinson sat on the lawn chair and got busy denotation the newspaper. Sam smiled watching them. In nearly two hours, Sams work was complete. Stepping back and tone at his work, Sam felt thrilled, noticing that he had done a decent job. The Robinsons liked it too. So he took the money and headed towards the shoes shop. On his way, he kept nibbling on the brownie Mrs. Robinson had given him for the way. He did not remember the last time he had something so tasty to eat. Sam crossed a fondle shop on the way. His glance rested on a kitten sleeping in a white cage. With a creased forehead, he watched the kitten for a minute. He went inside and bought it with the money he had rescue for the shoes. He kissed the cat and whispered in its ear, I will give you something that I dont have. A few minutes later, he knocked at the door of the towns nurse that he lived in. References Capdevila, G. (2005). More Than 100 Million Homeless Worldwide. Retrieved from http//ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=28086 This article highlights how homelessness has become a worldwide task in the developed as well as developing countries. The government policies and inadequate housing plans beat out the poor and force them to live without proper housing altogether. The story is themed on this

Latino Narrative film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Latino Narrative film - Essay ExampleThe 2002 movie Frida, enjoin by Julie Taymor, focuses on this transformational aspect of Kahlos personality while it immerses the viewer into the world of Fridas love, creativity, marriage, fad and hatred.With Salma Hayek as Frida Kahlo in Frida, we step into the sprightliness story of the now world famous painter Kahlo. Her life seems to be a sequence of tough choices and a total ch onlyenge. Once suffering from polio as a kid, Kahlo managed to recover from this crippling disease only to find herself severely injured in a car accident, which left her physically disabled for the residual of her life. As she starts painting, Kahlo makes herself get together all her bullheadedness to opt for this active life position rather than, bedridden, merely wait for the death coming. She goes through deuce volcanic yet artistically inspiring marriages to the renowned Mexican artist Diego Rivera (Alfred Molina). The film shows how throughout all her life-c hanging choices, Frida Kahlo manages to be never conventional about anything she does, to be always herself though it is often not well-heeled (Frida Movie).The opening sequence starts with the protagonist being carried in bedridden out of her home. It then switches to Kahlos years at high school and the calamitous accident the heroine suffers just at 18. Frida gets pierced by a metal pole when a streetcar and the bus that she is riding collide. The injuries that Frida receives leave her disabled for the rest of her life, so that she moves on crutches, in wheelchairs, or stays in her bed. While she is confined to her bed with the bust back, Fridas father brings her canvas to help her recuperate from the accident. From that time on, Frida paints.Taking up painting is in all likelihood one of her most dramatic life-changing choices. My opinion can be explained by the fact that Fridas works, as it is vividly shown in the film, are always along her life events. Whatever the surrealis t artists goes through,

Media and Government Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Media and Government - Assignment ExampleThe companies moved away from publishing sexually small paper with images of masculine men and half-naked women. They adopted a new policy that aimed at penetrating the hearty market. The periodicals majored on stories of interest such(prenominal) as celebrity stories and general stories about fashion. In addition, they provided information on current happenings. In order to make the magazines attractive, the companies printed the publications on high-grade glossy papers.Fejes argument on gays and lesbian spending habits is still valid today. Majority of them spend a tremendous amount of cash on classy and sophisticated products in the market. They embrace new products and, as a result, producers and marketers exploit this. The auto industriousness is a perfect example of the industry that has realized this and works hard to satisfy gay consumers needs. Subaru is bingle of the companies that has successful exploited gays desire for classy p roducts. This company has designed an expensive gay-friendly car. The fact that the vehicle is gay-friendly but does not improve sales. Thus, the company has invested in advertising their new arrival in gay periodicals such as Advocate and Out. The sales returns are encouraging with the Subaru company claiming that gay men are 18 timely more likely to afford and own this car than other

Criminology and legal psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminology and legal psychology - Essay ExampleThe most blue-chip thing I took with me from this experience was how the duality of law could be manipulated to serve ones later(a) motives for the better or for the worse.The use of the Holocaust Exhibition to educate European citizens, as well as individuals worldwide on the historical implications resulting from the First World War is undoubtedly an invaluable resource. As famed on the presentationion website, Taking as its starting point the turbulent political scene in Europe immediately after the First World War, the exhibition traces the rise of the Nazi party, how anti-Semitism as a Europe-wide phenomenon made a fertile seedbed for Hitlers anti-Jewish beliefs, the perversion of science to support Nazi race theory, the isolation of German Jews, the refugee crisis and the advent of so-called Euthanasia policies in 1939 (london.iwm.org.uk). These policies point to the deeper issue that caused the Holocaust, namely the policies that lead law abiding citizens to perform acts of genocide As Staub says in Zimbardos work in the course notes, racial extermination was not perpetrated by evil people of rare, demonic characteristics. Rather by ordinary individuals in extraordinary social circumstances (Staub, 1989 Zimbardo 2004). All of this shows how detrimental corrupt laws enacted by those empower can lead to steep occurrences disguised in the form of policy. The powerful impact these exhibits have on its visitors is telling in its own right. As further noted on the site, one visitor cited Moved, deeply shocked. Although we all know the impartiality now, it is a shaking human experience to be confronted with it. Another visitor noted that, This powerful exhibit should act as a warning to our children. My reaction to these exhibits was very similar to that of these visitors. I was appalled just also intrigued by the human nature and frailties in the legal system that allowed it to happen. The visitors

Walmart Lawsuits influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart Lawsuits influence - Assignment archetypeWal-Marts human resource policies are well-aligned with the corporate level strategy. Wal-Mart has often been accused of not managing to appropriate the employees with affordable healthcare while the efforts of the top management were directed at implementing low cost strategy. Lawsuits over the years have influenced Wal-Marts recruitment and retention strategies in such a way that it tends to ward off employees associated with collective bargaining associations or unions. This is partly explained by Wal-Marts involvement in a messy legal battle with the collective bargaining associations over the rights of the employees, as the Union disapproved of Wal-Marts withdrawal from salaried 10 per cent bid to over 700 employees (Milner, 2005). In 2005, Wal-Marts store in Arkansas declare closing down of a store in Canada only six months after the success of its employees in gaining the right of getting a union membership (Milner, 2005) . This suggests that the history of lawsuits experienced by Wal-Mart have travel the retailer against recruiting or retaining employees whose rights are safeguarded by other agencies, associations, and/or unions.Wal-Mart can prevent and/or centralize compensation law violations by complying with on the whole corporate procedures and policies completely that are link up to issues surrounding compensation, and hr by completely adhering to all local, state, and federal regulations and laws related to compensation that apply, and by reporting all violations of policies and laws related to compensation to management. Evolution and expansion of the employment arrangements and the production and supply chains impart the need of nurture of a policy menu for Wal-Mart that is vast enough to recognize and address the liability issues on actors all across the supply chain that have play a role in compensation violations. Meanwhile, indisputable significant approaches can be pursued in ord er to hold the corporations accountable for

Strategic management in Delta Airlines Case Study

Strategic perplexity in Delta Airlines - Case record ExampleAviation industry is regarded highly belligerent, requiring technical expertise and sentry go measures to be adopted.But the core aptitude that make two similar airlines differentiate are dependent on the role played by customers, people and employees irrespective of machinery and tangible assets. The implications generated through a slight deviation in not encounter the potential needs of general stakeholders could be pervasive, influencing the culture of an organization, its structure and strategies encompassing operational procedures (Appelbaum, & Fewster, 2004). At familiarise Delta Airlines is adept at serving one sixty million leaf nodes per annum, offering travel to near triple fifty destinations across seventy countries (Delta, 2011). Strategy is being driven in the US aviation sphere by two factors that emerged right after the deregulation took place in 1978. One is the worldwide safety concern and the othe r being the increased perceptions of clients in relation to the services offered by the company. Studies carried out by researchers have revealed that poor service acquisition and accidents in aviation are not always associate to the technical faults further sometimes there are human factors involved. Sub-optimization or lack of proper management practices with regard to decision making, communication, employee motivation could bring in a rapid turnover in client share, market position, loss of tangible assets possessed by the firm, and in more severe circumstances this could exit to loss of life. ... r mettle in terms of devising the most appropriate dodging for their respective firm that could offer competitive advantage, developing a core competency for the organization. Also the entailment of formulating well structured corporate strategies has often been neglected. The conventional nature of strategic management has been perceived as handling employee disputes within the f irm and to supervise some of the administrative tasks but with the passage of time HRM has gained the personality as a phenomenon that affects the overall strategic framework of a company, simultaneously strategic managers also time-tested to adapt to the changing work environment with the primary thrust being properly implementing well intend initiatives (Swiercz, & Spencer, 1992). In April 1994, Delta Airlines tried to amend its current strategic demeanor by launching Leadership 7.5 a programme that benefited the company in terms of gaining excessive profits by curtailing companys use of goods and services in comparison to the competition prevalent in the industry. It so happened that emerging company by the mention of Southwestern Airlines managed to maintain a firm market share by initiating low cost strategies, that were prospered by target customers as they were being offered cheap fare rates by the company. That resulted in a rapid turnover since 1990 in prior establish ed firms including Delta Airlines. For organizations to survive in a globally competitive environment, all key players have to redefine their market strategies with the alternating market situation. The aim is to get the level best benefit with limited monetary spending Although Delta Airlines excelled in offering full service package to the travelers yet half-filled flights forged it to develop a corporate strategy with the main

In the past thirty years or so, which approach has proven more Essay

In the past thirty years or so, which approach has proved more successful for development liberalism or neostatism - Essay ExampleState interventions in markets once authentic must be maintained at a bare minimum because according to the philosophy, the state cannot by chance own enough information to doubt market signals and because powerful groups with vested interests will eventually bias and enlace state interventions especially in democracies for their personal benefit (Jessop 2007). The neo-statist model seeks to explain the role of the state in the growth of and industrialization process, directly and explicitly. Many of the neo-statist models position the state as having an overarching impact on the neighborly and economic system that fundamentally impacts upon the economic development, through economic factors play one of the key parts. To doctor whether neo-liberalism is has been more successful than neo-statist over the past 30 years or so, it is crucial to first c anvass their impacts in several parts of the world where they were applied. To begin, lets starts by examining the impact of neo-liberalism on the distri furtherion and production of slightly basic commodities in Mexico. Mexico is mainly an interesting dry land in which to scrutinize neo-liberalism, for many reasons (Snyder 2001). First, the present liberal reforms in Mexico are not its first experiment with such policies. It is 19th century incursion which toilsome wealth into the hands of few individuals, created such misery and poverty among workers and peasants that it led to the Mexican revolution. Due to the revolution, the sphere adopted friendly policies that were aimed at safeguarding the interests of the workers and peasants which included the naturalization of water, land and mineral rights and enacted policies that sought after to recruit industrialization by safeguarding national industries from foreign competition. Second, the present enactment of neoliberal pol icies symbolize a copious of policies enshrined by the Mexican revolution, this history and vivid spin make Mexico an attractive milieu within which to assess neo-liberalism. The World Bank and IMF have used many neoliberal actions and policies tried in Mexico across evolution countries. Mexicos experiment with neoliberal policies holds a vital example not only for budding countries but in like manner for urban ones also. The neoliberal conversion for Mexico has been deep. The Mexican state has been forced to unlock its markets, leave its social programs and privatize most of its state run industries and community land. time this process has been beneficial to some people, it has also proven to be costly to others. Rural small holders have been amid the losers in general as the uprisings, turn up insurgence and difficulties attest. While small holders were given individual titles to the parcel they worked on state administered community lands, neoliberal policies also eliminat ed subsidies and credit that made the smallholders productive. Facing increasingly unstable livelihoods many people left the country side to look for work in burgeoning cities. The number of undocumented workers increased tremendously due to this migration. While the United States benefited hugely from this cheap labor, migrant worker have become remittances have become Mexicos second largest source of foreign revenue. Neoliberal policies have also had a profound effect on Mexico

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint in Australia Assignment

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint in Australia - Assignment ExampleThe processes, policies, and procedures to be taken up by companies in regards to carbon footprint operations would be based on standards and incentives. In the first case, standards need to be fixed by companies to measure and thereby manage the direct of emissions and thereby to take resort to other non-conventional energy sources like wind and solar energy. Secondly, the focus to descend the carbon emissions can be linked to financial incentives where it helps in reduction of operational cost (Bannon, DeBell and Krosnick, 2007, p.2). Coca-Cola since 2004 is spy to expend around $40 million in regards to the placement of sustainable refrigerators in its different stores. The refrigerators would lam on alternatives for hydro-fluoro-carbons (Cogan, Good, Kantor and McAteer, 2008, p.39). The Best Practices involved in regards to management of Carbon Footprint by organizations are as follows. Firstl y the management body of the concern needs to select a particular year calendar or financial in regards to gaining considerable data. Secondly, the management focuses to reduce the level of emissions from direct and indirect operations. thirdly the management is to decide on the level of control based on direct ownership or through stakeholder approach to reducing the level of greenhouse gases (New Zealand Government, 2008). Wal-Mart focuses on designing a prototype of a store that would help in reducing emission levels of greenhouse gases by around 30 part. It to a fault targets in reducing emission level in the international stores by around 20 percent to the close of 2012 and in doubling the efficiency level of transportation by 2015 (Walmart, 2010). Tesco is closely working with its confer chain systems to help reduce the level of carbon emissions through a reduction in the amount of transportation vehicles and also using bio-energy Tesco also rightly labels the carbon footp rint in the different products (FBP 1094, p.3-7)

Develop a leadership plan for addressing the issue identified in the Research Paper

Develop a leadership plan for addressing the issue identified in the case record - Research Paper ExampleThe downtown areas of Monson largely populated by local government and municipal buildings suffered heavy losses of government property owing to the large scale destruction of government buildings and offices. asunder from the large scale destruction of residential and government properties the central and downtown areas of Monson also suffered from potential hurt of several commercial properties. Many business offices operating in such parts had to close down or were bound to switch over to other areas by opening up newer branches. It is observed that the downtown region of Monson which was once largely populated with trees now was completely barren aft(prenominal) being heavily smitten by the tornado. Large scale destruction of residential properties in the downtown region were observed after the tornado strike ruined around 290 houses thereby claiming both(prenominal) pro perties and lives in a devastating fashion. Thus, it is demonstrate that the region of Massachusetts became struck by a tornado of deadly potential. In the light of the preceding(prenominal) case the paper tends to evaluate the leadership issues in regards to the conduct of fatality brake trading operations to save both life and property and thereby in citing an effective plan to help enhance the efficiency of the emergency plans. For Massachusetts the year of 2011 was quite a disaster as the state was struck with one of the largest tornadoes crossways around 18 community regions that claimed around 550 lives and made a huge chunk of the population roofless (Town of Monson, 2011, p.1 Earth Observatory, 2011).A large number of faults were observed in regards to leadership issues to render effective emergency services to the victims of such tornado devastated regions. Firstly, it was observed that there were huge communication gaps between the government politics and the agenc ies that were working to promote emergency related services. There were also communication gaps where the people pertaining to the agency operations

IV Catheter Insertion Needle Stick Incidences Research Paper

IV Catheter Insertion Needle Stick Incidences - Research Paper ExampleThe phonograph needle pegleg injuries are relatively lower. The healthcare workers face a great pretend, due to occupational vulnerability to blood and body fluids. The exposure may lead to transmission of disease causing pathogens, which result to transmitting and other hazardous consequences for the health workers. The safety catheter requires activation by user, and it is simple to activate and this ensures that injuries are minimized. Therefore, it befool that needle stick injuries are preventable through the use of safe needles, and the application of worker statement and practice controls that are driven towards the reduction of injuries.On average, a health care practitioner is loose to the dangers of deadly blood borne pathogens, through the contamination of needle sticks, or splash exposures (American Nurses Association, 2002). This is a great happen that faces every front contrast health worker. Although this problem is regarded as part of the job of the health care workers, the Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act of 2001 is a legislation that was signed by the federal government, for the purpose of safeguarding the eudaemonia of healthcare workers. The paper seeks to examine the issue of IV Catheter Insertion Needles, and particularly, whether the introduction of IV catheter insertion needles reduces the risk of needle sticks (Jegger & Bentley, 1998).The retractable needle IV catheter is designed in a manner that reduces the needle-stick injuries, and this is in line with the federal regulations, on the risk of heath care workers. Needle stick injuries are accidental strip down penetrations and stab wounds, which are caused by hollow-bore needles, which include hypodermic needles, blood-collection needles, IV catheter stylets and other needles (Lawson, n.d.).Nurses and health care workers are exposed to needle sticks, at least every month while either inserting or rem oving the computer peripheral IV catheters. This form of risk is reported to be

Privacy hw Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy hw - Research Paper ExamplePrivacy is required for risk circumspection scenario. In the context of the provided sequel though, the logical factors for hiding will have to be correlated with adult male values and ethical consideration (Clarke, 2009).The parents of the deceased Marine wanted to seek access to his email. The service provider of the email, Yahoo was reluctant to concur with the request. In the given context from the point of view of Yahoo, the scenario brings into consideration the thin out of computer ethics and the privacy aspect. Yahoo, as a service provider had agreed to certain monetary value with the deceased Marine which they cant just waive off. The privacy issue is a of import reason behind this decision as if the teaching is released to the parents then it could bring in devastating consequences.In terms of social point of view, the need for email privacy is a very relevant and serious issue. Information ethics as a part of computer ethics has to consider not whole the human beings along with their actions, characters, and intentions but also the ethical theories exchangeable utilitarianism and deontological has to be considered. Information ethics and the privacy related aspects sometimes has to be supplemented with traditional ethical consideration and it can also override the data ethics aspects if need arise (Bynum, 2008).In terms of privacy rectifys in general circumstances, the personal breeding associated with an email like password is very important. The security breach aspects like hacking, and stealing of personal information is very crucial aspect for ensuring email privacy and security. There is also a terms called right to privacy, which provides an individual to have right to control their personal information. Personal privacy in case of email in general circumstances is an uncompromising issue for a service provider like Yahoo (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 2010).As per electronic privacy information center, privacy laws are

Answer question youtube video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer question youtube video - Essay congressmanBuddhism connects with science through the impartial investigation of nature that the religion aptly covers in its doctrines and teachings. Dhamma-Vicaya is defined to be the natural process of identifying unmatched. According Jill, full venture without destruction helped her reach that point to make decisions that sustain along with peace. The left lobe of her brain aided in recovering her past and future life. The right one helped her in coordinating the lessons she learned with language that she would understand. The meditation of Jill relates to the ways through which Buddhists extracted their teachings, and there Jills meditation is synonymous to Buddhism.Scientifically, the human brain works in coordination, as left side transmits the neuro-impulses to the right lobe and the reverse. Dr. Jill was subject to reach vipassana through meditation and coordination of the neuron messages in her two sides of the brain. She was able to prove that there is a link between Buddhism and science through the contemplation process. She was able to link herself term dead while brain neurons transmitted into her impulses of life. After this, she was freed and came back to life feeling peace within her, something that Buddhist experience while trying to connect nirvana with vipassana within their doctrines and

A newspaper invites young people to write articles about television Coursework

A newspaper publisher invites young population to write articles about television platforms they either loathe or love. Write the piece you would send to the newspaper - Coursework ExampleYou can tell which series it is from the opening sequence. Actu solelyy I can tell what series it is from the extent of Chandlers physical decline. He starts out quite fit and degenerates into an increasingly zombified, staring-eyed mess. Apparently he had to fight some addiction demons in real life. My theory is that working with this bunch gradually gnaw his sanity.I only watch Friends because it provides the ideal opportunity for venting all my pent-up frustrations about life. For me this programme has all the charms of an emotional punchbag. I look at the smug, silly faces and enjoy an imaginary workout in the boxing ring with each one in turn. Except Chandler. Something worries me about Chandler. It is a fact that all viewer on the planet, unfortunately, has a soft spot for one of the si x characters. Its a kind of post-modern Rorschach test. The one you identify with reveals your true nature.I never did see the attraction of Friends, and even now, some a decade after the last series gasped its way onto our screens, I dont hail it. I mean look at the stereotypical gender roles. The girls are all mad Rachel is sex-mad, Monica is mental case and has issues with food, issues with hygiene, issues with men, and a seriously weird relationship with her brother. And Phoebe. Well, Phoebe is the poster girl for cloud-cuckoo land. Smelly drift, smelly catYou smell like something dead What was that all about? I hope the producers are insured against all the law suits that are bound to follow from children thinking that this is acceptable behaviour in an adult military man being. And the boys are not much better. Would you go out with any of them?The show has a formula that is retell ad nauseam until finally the characters just show up on the set and the dialogue writes i tself. In fact it is so predictable that a ten year old could write it and nobody would be any the wiser. Joey and Chandler have little boy-games in their flat, while Rachel

International Terrorism and the Meaning of Islam Essay

International act of terrorism and the Meaning of Islam - Essay ExampleAccording to Rashid (2002), Muslim militants give up been known to engage in a variety of terror acts ranging from beheadings, bombings, kidnappings, suicide attacks, hijackings and spree killings. Such incidences of terror have been witnessed in numerous places rough the world such as America, Asia, Europe, Africa, the Pacific, and Middle East. The Muslim militants commonly referred to as Jihadists, usually net bring out violence to non-Muslims, terming it Jihad. Many people in different parts of the world who have been hard send off by these acts of terror are usually left wondering whether Islam is a religion of piece, violence, or both. The affectionate nitty-gritty of Islam has been to inculcate peace and love for one another. Muslims claim that Islam thatched roofes them to be compassionate and to care for everyone in society. However, confusion is brought about by Islamic teachings which propagate th at Muslims should wrestle all those who do not want or worship Allah, and those who do not adopt the religion of Islam. This has been one religious teaching that they have used to justify their acts of terror. This has been the main reason why the Western mind has a skewed meaning about the social meaning of Islam because it is not clear what they stand for. On one hand, they purport to teach and preach peace and love among one another, yet, on the other hand, they continuously engage in acts of terrorism, more often than not against non-Muslims, which lead to mass deaths, loss of life, and destruction of property (Avner, 2008).

Detail the Renaissance, and Baroque Periods of Art in Europe Literature review - 1

Detail the Renaissance, and Baroque Periods of Art in Europe - Literature review ExampleThe precondition renaissance stands for rebirth it describes a decimal point in history when the classical values of Greece and Rome were reborn. jibe to Aigret & Kloss (2005), renaissance graphics is reported to have emerged in the nation of Italy this was in the late thirteenth and early 14th centuries (Kloss, 2013). It is noteworthy that the Renaissance art period is generally categorized into three principal(prenominal) periods these are the early Renaissance, high Renaissance, and Northern Renaissance. Several characteristics describe the art in the Renaissance period (Kloss, 2013). In increment to being precise naturalistic and individualistic in nature, the art of the Renaissance set(p) a great emphasis on perspective In addition to this, Aigret & Kloss (2005) purport that the art of the Renaissance was typified by intricate formal displays as well as a unique leaning towards emotion al expression (Adams, 2001). Artists in this period, for instance in Flanders, wanted their audience to react emotionally to their subject in order to derive inspiration or encouragement from the artwork. Renaissance art was also very realistic in nature and made expansive use of light and shadow for purposes of creating an appearance of prudence (Kloss, 2013).According to Aigret & Kloss (2005), the art period described as the Renaissance occurred at a eon in history when Europe was characterized by an increased level of prosperity and political stability. In addition to this, this period in history was typified by the emergent of new technology and knowledge, for instance, the establishment of new methodologies of astronomy and the creation of the printing press (Adams, 2001). The Renaissance art period in Europe is a time in history when literature and philosophy gained an increased level of preeminence.

Principles That Define the Culutral Level of Analysis Essay Example for Free

Principles That Define the Culutral Level of Analysis Es hypothecateExplain how principles that define CLOA may be present in research. The prime(prenominal) Principle states that Humans are info processors. Cognition refers to the mental tasks or view involved in human behavior. Thinking may involve memory, attention, perception, language and decision making at any one time. Cognitive psychologists see these cognitions are active systems In between taking in and responding to information a number of processes are at work.Information can be transformed reduced, elaborated, filtered, manipulated, selected, organized, stored and retrieved so the human mind is seen as active system bear upon information, and cognitive psychologists aim to lead these processes. Central to this information bear on approach is the computer metaphor. One of the tighties facing cognitive psychologists is that they were trying to oeuvre processes that are non directly observable. Consequentl y the computer revolution of the 1950 provided the terminology and metaphor they needed.People, the likes of computers, sham information from the environment (input). Both people and computers store information and retrieve it when applicable to current tasks both are limited in the amount of information they can process at a give time both transform information to produce new information both return information to the environment ( let output). This information processing approach was adopted by Atkinson and Shiffrin in their Multistore Model of memory (1968). This feign sees memory as an active process.Information flows in through the sensory stage (input). It then flows to the short-term memory before it is transferred to long term memory where it can be stored and later retrieved. A win example of information processing is the organization of information into schemas in the LTM. Schemas are mental models of the world. Information in LTM is stored in inter related to networks of these schemas and these schemas can affect retrieval. Simply put, schema theory states that all familiarity is organized into units.Within these units of knowledge, or schemata, is stored information. A schema, then, is a generalized description or a abstract system for understanding knowledge-how knowledge is represented and how it is used. According to this theory, schemata represent knowledge about concepts objects and the kindreds they set about with opposite objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions, and sequences of actions. A simple example is to telephone of your schema for dog.Within that schema you nigh likely have knowledge about dogs in general (bark, four legs, teeth, hair, and tails) and probably information about specific dogs, much(prenominal) as collies (long hair, large, Lassie) or springer spaniels (English, docked tails, liver and white or black and white, Millie). You may also think of dogs within the greater context of wights and o ther living things that is, dogs breathe, need food, and reproduce. Your knowledge of dogs might also take on the fact that they are mammals and thus are warm-blooded and bear their young as opposed to position eggs.Depending upon your personal experience, the knowledge of a dog as a pet (domesticated and loyal) or as an animal to fear (likely to bite or attack) may be a part of your schema. And so it goes with the development of a schema. Each new experience incorporates more information into ones schema. The second principle of CLOA states that the mind can be studied scientifically. Cognitive processes are difficult to study. They oftentimes occur rapidly, and inside the mind so they can non be observed directly.It is only the responses that participants make when given some cognitive task to perform that can insure us about cognitive processes. These tasks usually take place under tightly controlled lab experiments where the primary(prenominal) aim is to isolate a particula r component of the cognitive process for the study. One of the earliest and most famous experiments into cognitive processes is the Stroop Effect. The Stroop gist is a phenomena involved in attentional processes. Although we will actually focus on the process of memory this is a good study to look at.People are often introduced to the Stroop Effect in beginning psychology classes as they learn about how their brains process information. It demonstrates the effects of interference, processing speed (reaction time) and automaticity in divided attention. The effect is named after John Ridley Stroop who archetypical published the effect in English in 1935. In his experiments, J. R. Stroop administered several variations of the same test for which three antithetic kinds of stimuli were created. In the first one, names of colors appeared in black ink.In the second, names of colors appeared in a different ink than the color named. Finally in the third one, there were squares of a given color. In the first experiment, 1 and 2 were used. The task required the participants to read the compose color names of the words individually of the color of the ink (for example, they would have to read purplish no matter what the color of its ink was). In the second experiment, stimulus 2 and 3 were used, and participants were required to say the color of the letters in unfreely of the written word with the second kind of stimulus and also name the color of the dot squares.If the word purple was written in red, they would have to say red, but non purple when the squares were shown, the participant would have to say its color. Stroop, in the third experiment, tested his participants at different stages of practice at the tasks and stimulus used in the first and second experiments, to account for the effects of association. Stroop noted that participants took much longer to complete the color development in the second task than they had taken to name the colors of the square s in Experiment 2. This delay had not appeared in the first experiment.Such interference was explained by the automation of reading, where the mind automatically determines the semantic essence of the word (it reads the word red and thinks of the color red), and then must intentionally check itself and identify or else the color of the word (the ink is a color other than red), a process that is not automatized. This is a classic laboratory experiment that involves the manipulation of an independent variable (colour or name of word) to see what effect it has on the dependent variable (reaction time).It attempts to control the influence of all other extraneous variables such as other cognitive processes or skills. It also allows us to establish a cause and effect relationship between task and mental process. The strengths of the experiment are that it got valid results but however was still very(prenominal) unethical which not usuall in psychology is. One more strength is that it is an easy experiment which does not need a lot of input to carry out. The study can be considered cross ethnic as any human would act the same in this situation.Obviously the reaction times would be different but in the end anyone would take longer to read the words writte in a different colour. Cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors, is the statement which forms the third principle. Although cognitive tasks such as memory and attention are universal, there are cross cultural variations in processing mechanisms. Bartletts study demonstrates how memory can be distorted by cultural schemas. Schemas are representations of knowledge based on experience. In his study in which British participants were asked to recall a native American folktale.He found that the story of The War of the Ghosts was difficult for Western people to reproduce barely because of its cultural content which was unfamiliar to them so in fact they encoded the meaning of the story adapte d to their breathing cultural schemas. As a result Bartlett concluded that interpretation plays a large position in remembering events or stories. We reconstruct the past and try to make it fit into our schemata, the more difficult this is to do, the more likely it is that elements are forgotten or distorted so that it fits and remembering is integrally related to the social and cultural context in which it is practiced.Cole and Scribner (1974) studied memory skills in both American and Liberian children. They argued that cognitive processes are universal but not cognitive skills. Cognitive skills are dependent on the environment education, social interaction, culture and technologies make up the environment they observed the effects noble schooling / education (culture) had on memory they compared recall of a series of words in the US and amongst the Kpelle people using word lists that were culturally specific.They found that in general educated Kpelle children performed better in the recall of list than no educated Kpelle children and those overall American children performed better than Kpelle children. Although this could be interpreted as memory skills being better amongst Americans children than Kpelle (African) children such an interpretation would overlook the influence of culture. Western schooling emphasizes certain(p) cognitive strategies such as clustering / categorizing.It is unlikely such parallels exist in traditional societies like the Kpelle People learn to remember in ways that are relevant for their everyday lives, and these do not always mirror the activities that cognitive psychologists use to investigate mental processes The strengths of this lab study are that it was carried out ethically and the with the results we can almost confirm the cross cultural validity but of course we slant confirm it with 100% as exceptions will always be there. The applications of this study are basically already demonstrated within the study as it can be used for memory in schools or even at a working place.

Type of Business, Purpose, Ownership and Influence Essay Example for Free

Type of Business, Purpose, Ownership and Influence EssayDescribe the geek of employment, purpose and ownership of contrasting validations. TESCO PLC Tesco plc. (Public limited company) is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer, headquartered in Cheshunt in the United Kingdom. Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world, measured by revenues and the second largest, measured by profit. Tesco has around 5380 stores around the world David Reid is the chairman and Philip Clarke.Most of the pot think that Tesco is an international business til now Tesco is defined as a global business because as mentioned before, it has a large number of stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America. Tesco is in the tertiary sector and is the leader grocery trade leader in the UK it has a market sh atomic number 18 of 30%. It also is the market leader in Malaysia, Republic of Ireland and Thailand. Tescos ownership is based in a lot of shareholders. Dagenham Park u ntenanted bosomDagenham Park Leisure nubble is a public organisation, which means that is own by the government, in this end Barking Dagenham council. As we can see from the name it is located in Dagenham and its a local organisation and is part of the tertiary sector. The main purpose of this organisation is to offer the local community facilities such(prenominal) as a fitness suite, a dance studio, a meeting room, a sports hall, a climbing mole and much more facilities so people can practice different types of sports, dance and even remove rooms to organise meetings. . Describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose of these contrasting organisations. TESCO PLC In Tesco we can severalise different stakeholders such as investors/shareholders (owners), customers, employees, suppliers and financiers. Investors/shareholders are very important stakeholders in Tesco as they are the owners and go forth obviously fatality it to do well because otherwise they lead not make a profit. Without investors/shareholders in that respect wouldnt be any funds, so Tesco would be able to carry on as a business.Also if Tesco isnt making profit, the investors/shareholders pass on have to cheat on their shares and invest in other business that forget give them profit with this, Tescos shares could decrease and if they decrease a lot, Tesco could go bankrupt and this would be bad for everyone, customers, employees, suppliers and financiers. The customers are also very important. Tesco like most businesses need their customers because they are the businesses income as the customers are the people who buy Tescos products.The customers are a bit like a pressure congregation because they apply pressure to Tesco to meet their needs. Meeting the customers needs can be things such as expanding their stores or giving more variety on certain products. Basically, a customer wants case goods at a low cost. They would also want a variety of products to choose from and it is Tesco responsibility to deliver them what they want otherwise if Tesco doesnt respond to the customers needs in a positive carriage, Tesco might relapse their customers and this testament evil the business and the shareholders wont be very happy with this.The employees are the people who Tesco pays to provide service. Tesco need to provide their employees with good working conditions, causal agentable hours and treat them fairly because otherwise the employees will not be happy at their job which could lead to them resigning. If Tesco employees start resigning for negative reasons because word could spread that Tesco have bad working conditions and that employees of Tesco are not treated fairly moment Tesco may find it hard to find skilled staff.Suppliers are important to Tesco because they tack Tesco with the goods to sell. The suppliers will want good money for the goods they supply to Tesco this is the reason why suppliers will have an interest in Tesco becaus e they will want their products to sell well. If particular products dont sell well in the Tesco stores Tesco might go down that it is not beneficial to them to buy these items any more resulting in the suppliers not making any profits. Financers such as are important because they lend money to Tesco to make there expansion of the business possible.By expanding the stores more interest in Tesco is created. By doing this, more customers will shop there when the expansion is terminate meaning Tesco will make more profits. Dagenham Park Leisure Centre The local community will have a huge impact, because if there arent any individuals paying for using the facilities, there wont be any profit for the business, so they have to provide good service and spirit facilities so the community will be satisfied, the other reason why the local community is mportant is because the waste centre was aimed for them, so if they dont make use of it, the purpose of the organisation wont be accomplish ed. The employees are very important, because the management in Leisure Centre is vital. The employees will get give to provide services of all types (laundries, dance teaching, personal trainers, managers, etc. ). They also have to be provided will good working conditions, so they will be satisfied, otherwise they will resign and it will prejudice the Leisure Centre as there wont be anyone to provide services to the community.Barking Dagenham council is a very important stakeholder, as they are part of the government they are funding the Leisure Centre and they will want that the Leisure Centre makes good profit and provides good service for the community. If it is the other way around, the Council might reduce facilities or even close the Leisure Centre due to the costs and if it happens it will contact the community as they will lose the facilities the Leisure Centre was providing and will also affect the employees as they will lose their jobs and become unemployed .Suppliers are important to the Leisure Centre because they supply the Leisure Centre with the goods for the restaurant and not only. The suppliers will want good money for the goods they supply this is the reason why suppliers will have an interest in Leisure Centre because they will want their products to sell well, so they can keep selling their products to the Leisure Centre.If particular products dont sell well, Leisure Centre might decide that it is not beneficial to them to buy these items any more resulting in the suppliers not making any profits. conduct unions might have an impact of a Leisure Centre. Many employees in the public sector belong to Trade Unions, so if the political science tries to fire an employee that belongs to a Trade Union, the Trade Union might get involved and it might even go to court, this can influence that the Government keeps their employees for longer.

Crash Essay Example for Free

Crash EssayDescription The hire Crash illustrates through various characters many themes that are sociologically relevant and have been intensely cover in course lectures and readings. With the extensive minority groups presented throughout the film elements of prejudice, discrimination, deviance, patterns of accommodation, as well as seam theory are evident.The film offers an array of conflict in four characters especially that will be discussed here. Anthony and Peter Waters two African-American men, Farhad a Persian shop owner, and Officer John Ryan a white prejudiced policeman all display interesting characteristics of the theories mentioned above. Analysis Anthony and Peter both excite criminal acts and fit well into the innovation as part of deviance model.They do not look at that they can conform and do not see other opportunities in the largely white areas in which they steal cars, admitting that they want to steal from whites, as they perceive whites to have privile ge and hostility toward them. Peter is gun while Anthony attempts to redeem himself by helping another minority group, who he sees to be exploited collect to their minority status. Officer Ryan is a prejudiced policeman, who feels the trickle down effect of strain theory.Due to the handout of his fathers job due to affirmative action policies and the subsequent issues with him receiving improper healthcare, this officer turns his foiling to blacks as a whole due to the strain of his fathers condition. Finally, Farhad exhibits the patterns of accommodation, as he attempts to dupe to the United States, he distrusts others in the different minority groups and feels the shame of being called a terrorist. He retaliates by attempting to kill a Mexican-American, as his level of conflict with other groups is extremely high.Self-reflection This film is very rough-and-ready in showing how theories can be applied to actual events that occur in the lives of minorities and those with white privilege. The Byzantine interactions between the different groups highlight much of what conflict theory proposes and elements of structural functionalism, as well. I would highly recommend this movie to any sociology student or others, who have an interest in how groups in parliamentary law function and deal with one another on a daily basis.

Managing Change in Complex Environment Essay Example for Free

Managing interchange in Complex environs EssayHistory and BackgroundIntroductionThe United States Postal Service (USPS) is an indep blockadeent g everywherenment governance that generates income by harness receiptss. It is before long the second macroscopicalst civilian employer in the United States. Its primary chore is to tolerate billet most the country, at a standard price, regardless of geographic location. Over the brook both centuries, the USPS has evolved into an efficient face that financi totallyy sustains itself through its lurch operations. With a monopoly on the talking to of non-urgent mail, the USPS provides talking to receipts of about 40 percent of the worlds mail, or approximately 200 billion pieces of mail annually. Starting in the 1990s, the USPS faced increase competition from rival package delivery and courier services, as intumescehead as the Internet. Presently the USPS is facing a financial collapse. The USPS needs to undergo an esse ntial and systematic change in order to declare its significance in the 21st century.History/BackgroundOn July 26, 1775, peniss of the Second Continental Congress prescribed a Postmaster full general giving birth to the Postal Department of the United States. The flush of the U.S. Postal Department was much the same as today, go and deliver first class and non-urgent mail to individuals and businesses within the United States. Congress passed various laws that pay the line position a statutory monopoly on non-urgent First Class Mail and the exclusive right to put mail in private mailboxes. Although these laws grant the USPS a securities industry advantaged they also restrict its ability to compete with rival package delivery and courier services, as rise up as the technological innovations.How it got startedThe Post theatrical role Department has origins in America go out back to the 17th century, when thither was a need for mail in the midst of colonial settlements and intercontinental deputize of information with England. In 1775, the Continental Congress named Benjamin Franklin as the first stockpilemaster general and chairman of a committee empowered to gather recommendations for the establishment of a postal service. On September 22, 1789 the post office became a new establishment branch of the United States. At this time there were 75 post offices and approximately 2,000 miles of post roads. The USPS was critical to stateal welf atomic number 18 and pivotal in facilitating communication theory for military, congressional position and newspapers. From the very beginning, the USPS financed operations from revenue it earned and Congress gave it a monopoly to be the whole courier service to deliver mail.Key points in evolutionThe main contract and the efforts of postal officials from the foundation of the Post Office to the present day have been finding the best methods of transporting information and directing mail. For example, in 17 91 George Washington stated that that the importance of the postal routes had change magnitude because the country wanted to distri only ife knowledge of governmental laws. Also, between 1791 and 1861, the U.S change magnitude from 3.9 million to 31.4 million square miles and postal roads grew from 1,875 to 240,595 miles. The Board of Governors of the USPS sets policy, procedure, and postal rates for services rendered. Of the 11 members of the Board, nine are appointed by the President and confirmed by the US Senate.The nine appointed members then select the Postmaster General, who serves as the boards tenth member, and who oversees the day to day activities of the service as Chief executive director Officer. The ten-member board then nominates a Deputy Postmaster General, who acts as Chief Operating Officer, to the eleventh and last be open seat. The USPS is often mistaken as a government organization but it is legally delineate as an independent establishment of the executi ve branch of the Government of the United States.Environmental contextThe immaterial environment elements that significantly influence the USPS are the United States political system, workforce unions, changing technology and merchandise place forces.United States Political SystemIn 1970 the U.S. Postal Department evolved into the USPS through the implementation of the Postal reorganisation act. This act call for the USPS to be a self-sufficient organization within the U.S. Government. It also added an special regulatory body into its chain of command, the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC), but did not make every modification to the Postal Departments Board of Directors or regulatory congressional statutes.The USPS Board of directors is aerated with directing the USPS through the control of expenditures, reviewing practices, long term programning and setting policies and service standards. The PRC has 5 commissioners, appointed through the executive branch and confirmed by the Senate, who have the authority to reject, modify and authorise any USPS initiated congressional recommendations. Since congress alone retains the authority to change USPS rates, service frequency and employee benefits, any market related changes from the Board of directors is routed through the PRC and congress for consideration.Pressure from UnionsThere are 4 unions representing around 90% of the USPS workforce National Association of Letter Carriers, American Postal Workers, National Rural letter Carriers Association and National Postal Mail Handlers Union. These organizations have achievementfully contracted collective negotiate agreements for its members for payment and benefits that have come to exceed the USPS ability to maintain with its underway revenues. These advertise unions are very authoritative in weighing in on most of the decisions that affect the well-being of the USPS labor force. Presently USPS employees be intimate 79% coverage of their health care co sts the most of any federal agency.Strategic contendOver the years the USPS has transformed its operating theoretical account and is now set up and mandated to operate interchangeable a business entity generating its revenue through the sale of postal products and services. The largest issue with the actual business model of the postal service is its lack of flexibility essential for a business in a active market. Specifically the USPS has not been able to organizationally adjust to a large decrease in the contain for first class mail service has resulted in decreasing net revenue in modern years.Congressional InfluenceThe USPS congressional charter came with both benefits and operating constraints. Among the constraints the USPS is obligated to provide a coherent price for its services regardless of the geographic location and dispersion of its customer base. The USPS is obligated to deliver sestet days a week to every mailing quotation regardless of its mail volume. Add itionally the USPS is required to provide free mailing service to the blind and facilitate voting for overseas military personnel. A significant amount of the USPS operating costs comes from its requirement to pre-fund retiree health benefits (RHB) for future retirees.Key IssuesThe USPS is woefulness from the combined effects of declining mail volume from new technology and change magnitude labor costs resulting in a loss of net revenue. These declines are projected to extend into the future. The addition of a significant tally of new addresses in the United States each year increases the USPS operating costs although volume is decreasing.Business present While the USPS has enjoyed the benefits of the monopoly on first class letter mail services that congress has bestowed, it has a standing(prenominal) business model that prevents the USPS from being able to adapt in the face of technological innovation and separate market forces that affect its bottom line annually. The majo r source of revenue for the post office is the pestle it charges for first class and non-standard mail. The advance of modern information systems such as email, smartphones, online banking, and other digital communications decreased the demand for traditional mail services. Compounding this issue is the basic economic principle of offer and demand. New technologies offer cheaper substitutes for the services that the post office provides.StakeholdersPostal Workers The USPS employs more than 500,000 employees making it second only to Wal-Mart as the nations largest civilian employer. While every employee is represented by a labor union, employees are legally restricted from striking. Labor Unions The USPS unions are old, influential and politically connected. Collectively, these unions continually fight for increased employee pay, living allowances and health care benefits. Postal Regulation Commission (PRC) The PRC serves as the middleman between the USPS board of governors and congress. The PRC can reject or modify requests before they reach congress for utmost approval.Congress Members of Congress exercise control over many aspects of the USPS operations including approving the markets for which it competes as well as representing the interests of its constituents whenever the USPS requests changes to its business model. Public Consumer One of the mandates of the post office is to provide mail service of all addresses. The number of addresses has increased by nearly 18 million nationwide in the past go and continues to climb as the country recovers from the past recession. A vast majority of the consumers are congressional constituents to whom member of congress are responsible.CompetitorsThe USPS monopolizes, via congressional mandates, the delivery of first class mail, non-urgent mail and small packages. As such it faces very little direct competition from other businesses. However, the USPS has seen significant decreases in its mail volume over t he years. The decreased volume of mail is directly related to the global acceptance of technology and use of digital communications which displaced traditional USPS services.Market ForcesThe USPS full time workers cost the USPS 80% of its revenue. Although they still enjoy a monopoly on first class mail, they are in direct competition with smaller, more efficient, companies who deliver large packages and urgent letters.Strategies UsedWhat it Does Now The USPS has improved its efficiency and effectiveness through both technology and reorganization. The USPS make significant investments in the late 1990s in fuel efficient vehicles and new facilities as well as a $15 million advertising campaign to improve its image as a progressive and modern organization. A decade ago it took 70 employees one hour to sort 35,000 letters. at present in an hour, only two employees process an identical volume of mail. Though the number of addresses in the nation has increased by nearly 18 million in t he past decade, the number of employees who handle the increased delivery load has decreased by more than 200,000 (Potter 2010a). It launched delivery confirmation service and priority mail in order to compete with competitors.The USPS now operates more than 31,000 post offices and the largest vehicle fleet in the world, with an estimated 218,684 vehicles. What They compulsion to Do Concerned with increasing costs and decreasing revenues, the USPS petitioned for the following changes * S conduce Retiree Health Benefits prefunding in 2011 the prefunding amount exceeded net operating losses. * Retirement System Overpayment In 2010 Government Accountability Office contend overpayment freezing approximately $6.9 billion. * Delivery Frequency Shifting from six to five days weekly delivery would save approximately $3 billion annually.This measure is supported by 75% of USPS consumer base. * Change prices Mandates currently cap the USPS ability to adjust to market conditions dynamic ally. * Restructure labor costs Current collective bargaining decision do not consider the USPS financial health yet mandate compensation and benefits to be paid at levels comparable with private sector organizations with the burden falling on the taxpayers. * Consolidate pedestal A proposal in 2009 to close 3,000 postal outlets to reduce excess capacity yielded only a closure of 157 following consumer complaints and congressional intervention.Part IIDiagnosisLewis (2011) states that the USPS riddles are a result of a restrictive business model and its inflexibility to operate in a dynamic market place. As stated earlier, the USPS response to this problem is a direct plan to cut expenses and increase revenues to overcome their mount deficit. Although this plan does address the USPS immediate insolvency concerns, it fails to address their underlying issues. Through the use of Senges system advancement and the McCaskeys Organizational Design model, this paper will expose USPS ro ot problems.Strategic Issues/Strategies/Goals-ObjectivesThe USPS strategic issues are a loss of revenue due to declining mail volume, extensive costs due to a bloated and pricy unionized-workforce and the use of an outdated-legislatively constrained business plan. Their proposed strategy to mitigate these issues centers on cutting their expenses, consolidating cornerstone, renegotiating labor cost/employee benefits and increasing rates. In addition, the USPS intends to evolve their business plan to incorporate technological innovations. This strategy aligns with their long term last of providing a trustworthy, dependable, reliable and secure means to communicate on a national level (Lewis, 2011), by implementing a long term sustainable business model that promotes flexibility and economic growth in a dynamic market.EnvironmentIn FY11 the USPS total revenues were $65 Billion dollars era their total expenses were $75 Billion dollars. Under congressional law the USPS is required to be a self-sufficient government agency. Under this direction the USPS is obligated to cover its costs without government assistance. The USPS does this by generating revenues from a monopoly market while operating more like a private business then a government agency. Its government backed monopoly advantage comes with extensive congressional restrictions on rates, delivery procedures and labor benefits. The USPS monopoly restricts the direct competition in the delivery of first class mail, use of specific delivery routes and personal mailboxes. It does not protect the delivery of urgent mail and large packages. FedEx and UPS are direct competitors in this market and have a militant advantage due to their efficiencies, technological innovations and ability adapt to market needs.Key Success FactorsThe USPS key to success is their ability to meet their customers needs, generate enough revenue to cover their costs , maintain the flexibility to adjust in a dynamic market and optimize a scalable infrastructure that facilitates the efficient and economic delivery of their services.Task RequirementsThere are multiple ways that mail is certain into the delivery process. For the purpose of observing the USPS organizational structure, the simple method of customers placing the mail in their residential, or post office, curbside mailbox will be examined. In either case this process begins and ends with the customer sending or receiving mail at a mailbox. The mail item is received by the postal carrier, and then consolidated at the local post office, where it is inspected manually or automatically checked for correct postage. It is then routed to a hub for delivery to a particular region in the country. The mail is then sent to a concluding processing plant where it is sorted for the specific route for delivery. Finally the mail is sent to the distant end post office for delivery to the end customer.The mail is moved in a linear port between each node in the process c hain. Along the interdependency continuum of the USPS functional units we observed a sequential relationship. Throughout the process each entity produces an output that is a necessity input for the next consort in the chain. The USPS key to success in this linear process is the secure delivery of mail for a nominal fee. For their part, the workers must be honest and ensure mail is properly safeguarded as it makes its way through each step in the chain. The workers only have to be good enough for their specific task in the process. This means that there is very little incentive for them to innovate or make improvements to the process from within. Any efficiencies gained, in any one link in the process, are not readily propagated throughout because of the sequential nature of the process.Because of the nature of change within the organization, and the employee compensation structure, their only incentive is to maintain the place quo. This analysis is represented in the interdepende ncy/coordination mechanism model below. The analysis shows a misalignment between the levels of mutuality between the functional units and the coordination mechanism used. The USPS coordinates through rules and regulations. Using the systems approach of focusing on successes rather than the failures of the organization, we compared the USPS current coordination level to its closest successful competitor, FEDEX. As depicted FEDEX has a coordination level that aligns with it level of interdependency. The preferred and best approach is to align the organizations level of interdependency horizontally with the coordination mechanism.The USPS needs a higher(prenominal) coordination mechanism to match the current level of interdependence in order to facilitate efficiencies in the system. serve well/ SystemsSnowfall and showers may not be able to stop postal carriers from their appointed delivery routes, but their financial problems may halt at least 50% of all postal offices. The U.S. Po stal Service, bleached by a public turning to digital communications, is down 22 percent in volume from just five years ago, a decline which is expected to continue, driven in part by rigid competition from carriers such as FedEx and UPS. The Postmaster General has responded with a list of cost-cutting proposals, such as eliminating Saturday delivery and closing up to 3,700 local post offices which would be replaced with automated centers operating out of local businesses. The Postmaster General has also proposed laying off as many as 120,000 workers, and pulling workers out of more expensive federal pension plans.Pre-funding retiree benefits has cost the Postal Service $21 billion in the last three years. The underlying issue is that all those moves cannot be made without congressional approval. In order to make these immediate and dramatic changes, the Postal Service would require access to its own funds as well as the authority to act as its own corporation. The renewing from a government ran entity to a privatized organization requires Congress to give the USPS flexibility to take action and make changes without all the bureaucracy. The below modified Senge example (Limit to Growth) demonstrates how the USPS is constrained from making changes. In short, the USPS is limited by congress to making quick and reactive changes that focus on the problem rather than the underlying issue.Creating change and making it work are all resisted by a condition called the Status Quo and the USPS is no exception. USPS employees olfactory sensation protected under the current unionized culture. They feel threatened by the prospect of losing benefits and are unwilling to pay the high personal price necessary for change. We have demonstrated that this change is necessary for the long term health of the organization. The real question is, does the current status quo fit the new change requirements? An organization in dire need to make solution adjustments to become curren t cannot be fixed with antiquated congressional imposed constraints.PART IIIChange Management PlanThe USPS acknowledges its need to cut costs and increase revenue. It believes this will fix the problems. USPS starts to address this by taking reactionary measures, but fails to take the necessary steps to address the root issue. We argue that there is a more fundamental problem within the USPS organization which requires a systems approach to identify and solve. Senge says it is unsufferable to change the system from inside the system. By complicating up the USPS charge structure we identify the core problem and faults in its system. Due to the short time needed to enact this change we propose a top down approach that pushes change while mitigating assumed employee resistance such an approach will generate. Our plan uses the Lewin and Kotter models to shape the USPS organizational transition. Through the Lewin model we identify a three phase approach to address changes that simultane ously focuses on employee and organizational issues. Throughout each phase an information plan is propagated to employees to facilitate transition to the next phase.ConclusionThe bottom line is that the USPS current costs of doing business outweigh its current methods of productivity. Without changing the strategic management model, the USPS will continue to lose revenue and be unable to react efficaciously to market demands. Its proposed cost cutting solutions only scratches the surface of the underlying problem of restrictions on organizational management and coordination. Our uses validated organizational change models. We justify our plan which uses the Lewin model and shows a close association to Kotters organizational change model. Our plan leads the USPS to long term success, maintains its relevance in todays market and allows it to make appropriate changes through periodic reevaluations.ReferencesLewis, T., Montgomery C., Shuler, J. , (2011), The US Postal Service , Naval postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.Senge, P., (1990), The Fifth Discipline, Doubleday Publishing, New York15May 2012 http//about.usps.com/news/national-releases/2011/pr11_124.htm15 May 2012 http//www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj31n1/cj31n1-9.pdf 19 May 2012 http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/industries/Transportation-Communications-Utilities/United-States-Postal-Service.html

Learning Skill Essay Example for Free

schooling Skill Essay?The attri stilles of the witnessers and how they can help the students to be sure-fire in an online culture environment preparation of children is compulsory, formal and standardized. bountiful learning is voluntary and intentional. The purpose of gr holdup education is the indep stopent self-directed learner. Adults tend to resist a learning work at which is incongruent with their self-concept as autonomous individuals and does not correspond to their unavoidably and interests. Adults focus on direct application.Given their daily duty in job, profession, family and community, they learn to cope with the pressures and problems of aliveness they are facing. For that reason, the pornographic educators concern is primarily focused on the needs and interests of the learners. Andragogy (adult education) calls for course of study numberers and teachers who are person-centered, who dont teach subject matter but rather help persons learn (Knowles). Hence, the interests of adults are their real needs. Or the solutions learners guide in mind do not solve their problems.The adult educator often has to register into a needs negotiation (Bhola) with learners when teaching new needs some boiled water or a balanced diet, about clean surroundings, preventive health practices or small families. In the dialectical process of needs negotiation the needs as matte by the learners and the needs as seen by the adult educators moldiness be showed together to reach a consensus on the real needs. These real needs must agree to the produce of adult learners. If an adult gets the impression that his experience is not being valued he feels turned down as a person.New learnings school on meaning as adults are able to relate them to their animateness experience. Experienced adult educators, so, build into the design of their learning experiences provision for the learners to plan and rehearse how they are going to hope their learnings in thei r day-after-day lives or duties and combine training with transfer and application. A workshop then really can conk out a workplace where educational strongs are produced or evaluation studies are designed. According to Knoxs proficiency theory the learning needs for an adult move upward from life situations and inter in the flesh(predicate) communication.Social first moment motivates and empowers an adult to search for more fellowship, better expertness and more suitable performance. Adult learning is found on experience, on the learners own experience and on the experience of some others. Learning settings of adults usually have a participatory and collaborative basic part. Adults prefer to meet as equals in small assorts to explore conclusion and concerns and then to operate common action as a result of dialogue and inter-learning by discourse. The group becomes the learning co-operative. The group provides the opportunity for inter-learning.Within the group the teach er as well as the other group members plays the task of facilitators. All group members become co-agents (Bhola) in learning. The absence of formal accreditation or proof facilitates collaboration not only on a specific product or outcome but even in structuring and restructuring the learning process according to the needs and interests of the group. The learning process becomes as chief(prenominal) as the learning outcome, and a balance between both is often not easy to maintain. How lots freedom can actually be put acrossn to the adult learner in choice of matter and way?Adult learning is life-centered. It is learning by doing, by application and experience, and if need be by trial and error. Adults do not simply to get knowledge created by outsiders, but should examine their own reality themselves and make a positive declaration about it. Praxis is the focus of effective adult learning and praxis federal agency analysis and examination of reality in order to transform it. Ad ult learning is without interval process of investigation and exploration followed by proccess of doing something grounded in this exploration, followed by reflection on this action, leading to further investigation and so on.The principle is testing not banking (P. Freire) of knowledge. Exploration of new opinion, skills and knowledge take place in the context of the learners experience. In settings where skills are being learned, learners become acquainted with skills, apply these in real life settings, redefine hoe these skills may be altered by context, re-apply these in other settings and so on. Adults explained the meaning of ideas, skills and knowledge through the medium of their life-experience and test them in real life settings.To make the learner self-directed is the intention of adult education. But the self-directed learner is neither the unrivalled who can retrieve teaching or locate resources nor the oneness who appears in group dynamics. The inner-directed, self-o perating learner (R. Kidd) is the one who reflects critically on his own assumptions and is keen to find alternative and better solutions. The learning process contributes generally to the success of learning. But learning is more than just the learning process. A participative learning process which fails to attend the learners inacquiring knowledge and competence is a failure.A participative learning process may take more time because it means active involvement of bothbody, discussing all the pros and cons, in spite of that it must lead to concrete results combining commitment with competence. Education is, as Brookfield points out a transactional encounters. That means that the sole responsibility for determining curricula or for selecting appropriate methods does not rest either with the educator or with the learner.If the first acquires, then we have an authoritarian style and a one-way transmission of knowledge and skills. If curricula, methods and evaluative criteria be come predetermined solely by what learners say they want, then the cafeteria approach governs the educational process. Accepting the felt needs logical basis without any further inquiry and needs negotiation means that the facilitator has to give up responsibility for the learning process and the accomplishment of learning aims and objectives. booming learning especially in workshop settings means to keep the balance between the learning process and the learning outcome so that the results justify the efforts and if they are not excellent they should be at least and always good enough. Successful distance learners are self-motivated, self-reliant and self disciplined. Distance learning students are the architects of their own learning surrounding, have the ability to manage their study time and scroll. Students can often customize their learning projects to fit their in-person interests and there is great chance for personal growth and individual academic success.This overtops b oth internal personal motivation and discipline, and also requires the establishment of a supportive personal learning environment and may require elimination of certain activities to make room for online learning in daily life. Distance learners should be self sufficient, self-directed individuals. The online environment enables students to learn at their own pace, relieving some of the pressure of traditional seated learning and making learning more enjoyable but requires that the student is able to identify learning goals and objectives and focus their attention accordingly.Distance learners become independent problem solvers, doing their own research and expanding their lifelong learning skills. This process helps them to grow critical thinking skills and the ability to interpret and synthesize reading materials, articles and research papers with differing points of image and in the process develop their own positions and beliefs about the subject matter. Some computer and Inf ormation literacy is unavoidable for a distance learner. Distance learners should possess a working knowledge of email, the Internet, and basic keyboard skills.Instructional material within the learning management system will provide all the other skills needed to devil and begin the online or distance lesson. Distance learners may be required to develop skills for researching and locating information from several sources and differentiate and assess them for inclusion in distance learning assignments and research projects. Distance learners should be energetic and disciplined managers of their own time. Students must be able to organize and plan their own outdo study schedule.While individual learners may prefer a different time of day or times in the week to give up to their distance learning study and projects, it is important to reach time each week to course work and it is vital that the distance learner understand that the uniform amount of time is involved in distance ed ucation courses, and traditional seated courses. The distance learner should assess his or her best time of day for study, either it is early morning or evening, every person has a best time of day for learning and thinking.A intentional effort must be made to carve out time in the students daily schedule for an optimal study time. Study time should not be the time that is left at the end of the day, unless that is the time when the student is most lively and attentive. All learners and especially distance learners need effective communication skills. The particular nature of distance education requires that communication be done in a scripted format, whether it is email, written assignments or discussion forums, the written word is vital in distance education.The ability to publish clearly and communicate ideas becomes more important since it is the primary means of communication in distance learning. The successful distance learner has a strong sense of responsibility and persona l commitment to academic success. Online learning, same many things in life, reaps rewards equal to the energy put into the changes. The independent nature of distance education to avow upon the presence of motivation, and discipline but commitment and follow-through are also vital.

Martin Luther Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther EssayMartin Luther was born in 1483 in Germany. Although he was brought up in a Catholic faith, he changed his faith by starting a new delivery boyian movement that was against the teachings of Catholicism, which was consequently named as Lutheran. He taught as a theology lecturer, indeed a professional in theology and he was a preacher as well. His parents Hans Luder m early(a) Margarethe were catholic believers, therefore as soon as he was born he got baptism on the following mean solar daytime which was St. Martin of Tours day of feast. He had brothers and sisters however, two of his brothers passed way as a result of a plague.Jacob who had tight bonds with Martin lived on to old age. Martins father rented copper mines and smelters and he also worked as a spokesperson in the local council. Besides he wanted the best for his son he aspired that Martin would be a attorney . Martin began his early school behavior in 1497 at Mansfield, Magdeburg and Eisenach i n that order where he learnt Latin. When he was viiteen years of age he was a student at the University of Erfurt and by the year 1505, he had absolute his postgraduate studies and was awarded a masters degree.Since his father wanted him to be a law of natureyer, he went forrad and registered for the law school however, he never pursued the course to completion since according to him law was ambiguous. Instead he preferred to study more on theology and philosophy and was fascinated by former philosophers bid William of Ockham, Aristotle and Gabriel Biel. N wholenesstheless, he was more drawn to lecturers who taught on not laying trust on anyone including the philosophers unless the claims they state could be approved through familiarity.Because of this reason, Martin concluded that knowledge in philosophy could not help people put up close to God because it merely emphasized on reasoning which is valid when applied to people and organizations moreover not God. According to Lu ther, people could plainly acknowledge who God is by understanding the word of honors. From here, his invite for scripture understanding began. Later in 1505, Martin Luther abandoned his studies and joined the catholic monastery. Luthers life as a monk was constituted by refraining from food, pilgrimage, declaration of his sins before a priest for forgiveness and praying for lengthy closes.The life at the monastery wasnt easy at all the monks spent less outcome in tooshie and they had to work hard in order to sustain company peniss. He confesses that his commitment to the perform as a monk was not delighting to God rather it made him aware of how sinful he was. Furthermore, the period within which he served as a monk gave a different perception of Jesus Christ in his life the Christian life at the monastery was like a detention center that hassle innocent people, yet Jesus is a Savior and a comforter. Nevertheless, the monastery hardship transformed Luther as he found mor e time to know the Bible.Afterward, it was contemplated by Johann von Staupitz that Luther required to do something else so that his quest for the scripture could be disrupted. Accordingly, after his priestly ordination, he proceeded as a theology lecturer of Wittenberg University. By 1509, Luther had received two degrees one in Biblical studies and the other in sentences. After three years, he graduated as a doctor in theology thereby becoming a member of the senate in the faculty of theology in the University of Wittenberg . The controversial issues regarding Catholicism began in 1517 when Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses.The theses focused on the indulgences that were sell in the church. Since the pope wanted funds to put up the St. Peters church in Rome, pardoning of sins was granted on condition that the evildoer paid money. In other casings, one could bribe pardon for sins that he or she expects to commit. This spurred concern in Martin Luther because as he had read in the scripture, deliverance is freely given whereas in Rome, salvation was an article of trade that could be traded surrounded by two partners- a sinner and the priest. Besides, more indulgences were sold so that those souls that were in purgatory could be released.Moreover, according to the romish Catholic divinity it was believed that faith is not enough to justify a human being unless it is accompanied by deeds, for instance participating in works of charity and giving the church financial contributions . Luther objected the issue of indulgences that were being sold consequently, he drafted a mark off to the archbishops of Magdeburg and Mainz this note is what was later referred to as the 95 theses. A copy of the note he wrote to the archbishop was put on the door of Castle Church. According to Luther, the absolution and forgiveness of sins based on indulgences was wrong and deceptive.Within a short time the theses were converted to German, because they were compose in Latin af ter which they were printed and reproduced to make many copies. Accordingly, the reprinted theses were extensively distributed to various parts within Germany. Between 1510 and 1520, he spent his time in teaching the New Testament books including the Psalms. Even as he studied the Holy Scriptures, he came to realize that justification was a very significant aspect in salvation. That God acknowledges a sinner and makes him righteous when he believes the scripture also God saves sinners because of grace.Luther proceeded to preach about justification, how it came from Gods only and faith as a present for humanity from God. The Roman papal authority took a period of three years to act in response to Luthers writings despite the fact that the theses had been distributed at a faster rate. The Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg whom the letter was addressed to preferred not to answer Luther, but rather set heretical phrases then sent the letter to Rome. Pope Leo X overlooked the letter bel ieve that it was not a grievous issue to him Luther was only drunk and after sometime he would stick back to his senses.However, the perception was wrong Countrys such as England, Italy and France were reading the theses by 1519. Furthermore, he wrote and make commentaries Psalms and Galatians, even though he had to work under protection. By 1520, he had published three books that are considered to be the most excellent among his works- On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, On the liberty of A Christian and To the Nobility of the German Nation. The Pope came to rethink of Luthers thesis in 1519 and legitimate him to give details of his theses which he did in a synopsis.As a result, Luther was called to meet the Pope in Rome so that he could give a detailed justification to his writings. Nonetheless, Luther went to Rome but as it was arranged by Frederick the Wise, he met Cardinal Thomas Cajetan who was a legate to the pope Nevertheless, the pope went ahead and wrote to Luth er in a writing termed as papal bull Exsurge Domine cautioning him to denounce the theses he had written as well as subsections within the books that he had written, in a period of sixty eld failure of which would result in him getting suspended from the catholic community.Conversely, Luther burnt the papal bull and the other manuscripts, an action he later justified in his writings- Assertions Concerning All Articles as well as wherefore the Pope and His Recent Book Are Burned. Following this, Luther was suspended out of the Roman Catholic community in 1521 by the Pope. Later in April, 1521, Luther was presented before the Diet of Worms, a gathering of the Roman imperium authorities in Worms, Rhine. It was required of him to confirm if he was the author of the theses and the other books he had written, an issue he readily confirmed.However, in answering whether he supported the writings, he agreed after one day having discussed with friends and prayed. Accordingly, in May 1521, Luther was declared a heretic and his writings were banned. In addition, no one was permitted to ply neither shelter nor food as this would amount to punishment. Luther by the help of the Elector of Saxony, Fredrick III, stayed separate forward from people in the Castle of Wartburg for about eleven months under the name Junker Jorg. It is during this period that he construe the New Testament, initially in Greek to German .When he went back to Wittenberg in March 1522, Luther act to preach and many people were drawn to his sermons. He revised the church doctrines and assisted in reinstating heartsease and unity within the nation. The new church doctrines were based on faith, grace and scripture alone. Instead of the seven sacraments that exist in the Roman Catholic, only two sacraments were recognized- baptism and the Holy Communion. Lutheranism did not advocate for celibacy, however, no one was forced to marry.The first Lutheran declaration of faith, otherwise referred to as the Augsburg Confession, was read before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V in 1530. The reformed church decided to name the new church as Lutheran in honor of Luther. Luther married Katharina who was initially a nun but defected. He passed away in 1546, in Eisleben after having been ill .Bibliography Collinson, P. (2004) The Reformation a history, ISBN 0679643230, 9780679643234, Modern Library. Doak, R. S. (2006) Pope Leo X opposer of the Reformation, ISBN 0756515947, 9780756515942, Compass Point Books.Edwards, M. U. (March, 2000) Martin Luther Exploring His Life and Times, 1483-1546. The Christian Century, Vol. 117. Fairchild, M. (2009) Martin Luther Bibliography. Retrieved on 13th April, 2009, from http//christianity. about. com/od/lutherandenomination/a/martinlutherbio_2. htm Marius, R. (1999) Martin Luther the Christian between God and death, 3rd Edition, ISBN 0674550900, 9780674550902, Harvard University Press. The Columbia Encyclopedia (2007) Luther, Martin, Sixth Edition, 2007.

The Problem Solving Essay Example for Free

The task Solving EssayProblem solving is the basic procedure of TQM, an importants aspect of problem solving in the TQM approach is eliminates the cause so that the problem does not recur. This is why users of TQM approach often like to moot all opportunities for improvement there are the basic steps to be success and should follow a standard approach.Step 1 Define the problem and establish an improvement goal.Step 2 stop performance measure and collect data.Step 3 Analyze the problem.Step 4 Generate potential solutions. Step 5 Choose a solution.Step 6 Implement the solution.Step 7 oversee the solution to see if it accomplishes the goals.The Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) troll. Also referred to as either the sherwhart cycle or the Deming wheel, is the conceptual basic for problem-solving activities. The cycle is illustrated the figure. Representing the process with a circle underscore its continuing naturePLANACT DO news reportThere are four basic steps in the cyclePlans begin b y perusal the current process. Document that process. Then collect data on the process or problem. Next tumble the data and develop a plan for improvement. Specific measure for evaluating the plan. Do Implement the plan, on a small scale if possible. Document any change made during this phase. Collect data systematically for evaluation. consume Evaluate the data collection during the do phase. Check how closely the results match the original goals of the plan phase. subroutine If the results are successful, standardize the new method and communicate the new method to all people associated with the process.Employing this succession of step provides a systematic approach to continuous improvement.

Death by Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Death by coffee berry canvasHow have the makers of Death by chocolate made their touch onisement successful? Discuss the various proficiencys use and how they have been used. This is an analysis of the advertising death by chocolate. It is an advert promoting a chocolate cake. The advertisement is flush in techniques which have been purposely included to tempt consumers to indulge themselves and give in to the temptation of the cake. looking at both pageboys of the advertisement it seems that there is a concealed inwardness which could possibly be summarized as, go on, be a devil. It is almost as if such devilish whisperings jump out at us. This message is communicated by the trident shaped fork in the hand of an ambiguous woman. Although we are given a dormant picture, there is an overwhelming sand of movement towards the cake. The makers have included this as one of the techniques of the advertisement so that the consumers feel that they are holding the fork. The vi sual imagery is designed to bring the devil out in you. Although the chocolate cake is brown, it is laced with a devilish crimson colour which adds to the Satan theme.It is interesting in this context that the word consumer is an old name for Satan which again is some other technique used. It is clear that the makers of the advert have worked according to the principle that it is the visual impact of an advertisement that is most effective. Most of the second page is covered with a silky textured crimson colour on a white background knowledge that mirrors the combination of the crimson streaked chocolate on a white plate. Red is the colour of the devil, further it is also the colour of danger, excitement and fury.White is the colour of virginity and the plentiful red suggests a loss of virginity. This technique is very effective as the contrast of the colours remind us of the naughtiness inside us which drives us to indulge ourselves in this mouth-watering cake. The producers of this advert have also relied upon visual influence and the mental imagery conjured up by the slogan and larger writing rather than the small text. The slogan, its no apotheosis cake is designed to reinforce the evil theme. The clever remark on the word angel causes indorser to dwell on this word and think about its meaning.Puns are always mentally stimulating and enjoyable, and it is as if the enjoyment gained from it is presented to the reader as a sample of the cake itself. In fact one gets the heart that the designers have tried to make the whole advertisement tasty. The name of the advertisement itself, Death by Chocolate is intended to be entertaining and comical. Although the word death is used, the intention is not to bring to mind venerate or anxiety, except in fact, the effect is far from gloomy. The reader is invited to die and be wrapped up in the chocolate, or at least to be dying to eat the chocolate. For those who are fully tempted by the advertisement and go on to reading the small text, there is much more than in store. The text starts off on the, naughty devil theme already developed by the visual imagery. The body fluid in the image of a vicar in The News of The World adds to the atmosphere of sheer evil. The use of brackets is another technique used which gives the reader the feeling that they are being told a secret, making them feel more involved with the text. This reinforces the effect of the use of the second person to make the reader feel personally addressed.The contiguous part of the text tries to use words to convert the visual imagery of the pictures and colours into a sense taste. Words such as cakey-wakey, dark, bitter and sweet reinforce in the words which the readers have seen in picture, and the two together try to combine to bring the images to life. The French word, mi lange produces an exotic feeling that appeals to the norm person. The combination of the words bitter and sweet, which in this contexts maybe oxym orons gives a feeling of devilish menace.The words concupiscent develop the theme of being naughty and gives verbal expression to the stark crimson on a virgin white background. Immediately after this we have a germ to sensual pleasure. It seems that the makers of this advertisement are trying to sell a chocolate cake by appealing to peoples sexual desires which nowadays is a very popular technique used by producers. The sexual imagery is completed by the reference to Lolita at the end, who was a youthful twelve year old girl corrupted by an previous(a) man.In conclusion I think that the producers have been very successful in making this advertisement effective as a whole by creating strong visual imagery and reinforcing it with subtle but direct language. I feel that there is a clear and successful attempt to appeal to humane weakness and carnal desire, which is arguably what makes this advertisement a successful one.