Chelsie Vogel. Assignment Sentence Outline. Trs 3312 Sec

Chelsie Vogel ASSIGNMENT: Sentence Outline TRS 3312 SEC 700 Title: Art Healing: How Art Therapy Benefits Children of Trauma Topic: Using art to heal children who have experienced trauma Specific Purpose: To help children of trauma express, communicate, and benefit from art integrated activities and therapy. Original Thesis Statement: Incorporating art-based activities and techniques effectively develops coping skills, self expression, open communication, and begins the healing process for children who have experienced trauma. Revised Thesis Statement: Incorporating therapeutic art-based interventions effectively develops coping skills, self expression, open communication, and begins the healing process for children who have experienced†¦show more content†¦A description of art-based interventions, including processes, procedures, materials, questions, benefits, and outcomes. Transition: Let’s examine the aftermath of trauma on a child and how it affects their present lives and future development. BODY I. Children have multiple or prolonged exposure to trauma, experience various symptoms and reactions, and long for progressive techniques to heal their pain. A. The impact physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect have on a child. 1. The physical signs and symptoms of the abuse and neglect. a. Examining bodily harm, health problems, and sleep habits. b. The explanation and pattern of injuries. c. The child’s physical reactions to their parents or caretaker. 2. The social signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect of a child. a. Social withdrawal and avoidance of interactions. b. Low self-esteem and feelings of guilt. c. A tendency to shut down and an inability to communicate. d. Decreased interest in future plans or goals. 3. The psychological signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect of a child. a. Psychological conditions and disorders including PTSD b. Inability to control behavior and emotions. c. Slowed cognitive growth and development. d. Memory gaps B. Identifying the roles and relationships of the adults in a child’s life. 1. The affects of people who cared for or supported a child. a. Positive influences made in a child’s life. b. Feeling safe and

William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily And Dry August

Who knew a high school dropout would become one of the most well-known authors still known today? Even though William Faulkner did not finish school (â€Å"William Faulkner – Biographical†), he certainly knew how to capture a reader’s attention and drop them into a new world with just a pen. The style in which he writes is unique. With only three semesters of college, he was forced to create from nearly a blank slate; college had not brainwashed him in to a repetitive nature with writing a certain way. He was forced to think outside the box and this makes him stand out from other writers. The building blocks of his stories can be derived from his life. If a reader had a collection of his literature, it would not be hard for them to take a guess at what his personal life was like. Faulkner lived an interesting life and incorporated its aspects into his short stories, two of which, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Dry September,† have similar characters, symbolism, and themes. Critics have explored the meanings behind his work and thus given readers a better insight. William Faulkner was born on September 25th, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi. He is the son of Murry and Maud Faulkner, a couple with a southern heritage. He is the oldest of four sons and although born in New Albany, grew up in Oxford, Mississippi. His mother was an avid reader but also enjoyed other arts such as photography and painting. Being that she was well educated helped William truly have passions forShow MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1528 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of view is A Rose for Emily told? Why? In William Faulkner s short story A Rose for Emily the reader is given the account of an old woman who is rejected by society. The reader is acquainted with Miss Emily Grierson by a spectator, somebody who is not Miss Emily, but rather part of the town that rejects her. The storyteller has a somewhat omniscient perspective, knowing more than the normal town s individual, however not all that matters there is to think about Miss Emily. The storytellerRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1316 Words   |  6 Pagesminuscule detail in the writing. In order to fully enjoy William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† readers must do the latter. Faulkner is a witty writer; some symbols are less obvious than others in his writing. To fully appreciate and obtain full meaning of the text readers must pay attention to his symbols and how they contribute to the greater theme. William Faulkner uses symbolization in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† to develop a theme of personal struggle. Emily faces many personal struggles: her relationship withRead MoreA Rose For Emily Analysis1020 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, it is apparent that the topic of this narrative is about one dealing with newly found changes in their life. In this short story, the protagonist, Emily Grierson, deals with heavy amounts of adjustment and loss, along with the judgement of the people of her town. In this story, Faulkner focuses on capturing the physical and mental struggles of transitioning from traditions one has always known to changes that make one’s life completely different. The settingRead MoreEssay about A Rose For Emily1284 Words   |  6 Pages William Faulkers quot; A Rose for Emilyquot; tells the story of a young woman who is violated by her fathers strict mentality. After being the only man in her life Emilys father dies and she finds it hard to let go. Emily was raised in the ante-bellum period before the Civil War. This story takes place in the Reconstruction Era after the war when the North takes control of the South. Like her father, Miss Emily possesses a stubborn outlook towards life and refuses to change. This shortRead More The Central Theme and Symbolism of William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1902 Words   |  8 Pages William Faulkners central theme in the story A Rose For Emily is to let go of the past. The main character in the story, Emily Grierson, has a tendency to cling to the past and has a reluctance to be independent. Faulkner uses symbols throughout the story to cloak an almost allegorical correlation to the reconstruction period of the South. Even these symbols are open to interpretation; they are the heart and soul of the story. With the literal meaning of Faulkners story implies many differentRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 PagesThe Ballad of the Sad Cafà © and Other Stories by Carson McCullers Back Cover: When she was only twenty-three her first novel, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, created a literary sensation. She is very special, one of America s superlative writers who conjures up a vision of existence as terrible as it is real, who takes us on shattering voyages into the depths of the spiritual isolation that underlies the human condition. A grotesque human triangle in a primitive Southern town. . . A young

Batter My Heart Essay Research Paper I free essay sample

Batter My Heart Essay, Research Paper I was wholly blown off by John Donne # 8217 ; s Batter My Heart. I usually enjoy poesy more than any other Literary signifier, and this verse form was no exclusion, aside from the fact it meant more than any other. When the verse form was foremost introduced to me in category, I was really impressed and profoundly intrigued. With every personal reading of the work in the text, I draw something new from it. I believe this verse form has caused in me more thought and self-inspection than any other verse form I have of all time encountered. The followers will be the ideas and feelings evoked within me by this verse form. Each word is a contemplation of what I now can see by my reading of Batter My Heart. In every person a conflict between good and evil is invariably happening. Inside one who is a Christian, the conflicts seem to be more frequently, and more intense than in those without Christ. I believe the ground for this is that Satan has no demand to do hurting to those who have no 1 besides him. For Christians, the Satan # 8217 ; s end is to do us to fall and neglect in whatever manner possible, so that we can non be effectual informants for Christ. Besides added to the conflict is the fact that the Lord allows, and frequently sends, tests to come our manner. In Donne # 8217 ; s Batter My Heart, # 8221 ; he suitably and to the full describes the multiple paradoxes found in the hard act of being a Christian and loving Christ wholly. These paradoxes intrigued me. None of them had of all time occurred to me before my reading of the verse form, and my apprehension of each paradox grew each and every clip I read. The word use in this verse form was enormous and highly successful in conveying the writer s ideas and feelings where God is concerned. I felt what he was believing as if I was believing along with him. Donne asked God to buffet my bosom # 8230 ; In this, I found myself praying, Break my bosom, Lord. Before You start to repair me, I must be absolutely broken before You. It is merely by being broken that a individual can be healed. Without first being broken, there is non even a demand for mending. The day-to-day breakage of our Black Marias brings about our day-to-day healing. It is in our failing that His strength can most be shown efficaciously. That I may lift and stand, oerthrow me # 8230 ; . Until we have fallen, we have no demand to lift. We ask Him to strike hard us down and do us stumble, so that He may raise us up. No new birth can come without some sum of hurting. In our religious lives, hurting and trouble must come before growing can happen. God uses the battles in our lives, and either allows or brings adversities upon us for our ageless good. I, like an usurped town, to another due # 8230 ; I am like a captured individual, who wants to be with the Lord, but can non to the full give myself to Him because of my bonds to Satan. I am in his evil appreciation. Yet the Christian knows that he should be true to the Lord. Reason tells us that He is the 1 for us, yet unluckily, ground does non ever win. This ground should support us, but it frequently shows itself as weak or untrue. We rea lize we should do it our end to be like Him and be true to Him, and this is what we most desire. Even so, when we who are trusters strive to demo how much we love our Lord, and seek to turn out ourselves, we normally find failure as the terminal consequence. Our iniquitous desires frequently win over our desire to love Jesus more. Though we want to set Him foremost in our lives, and seek to, we normally fail miserably. Jesus is our first love, yet our Black Marias remain untrue to Him. We are fornicatresss, rip offing on our bosom s foremost love to play around with our other lover, the Satan. Equally much as we would wish to, and fantastic as it would be, we can non interrupt off the battle we have with Satan. We are attached # 8211 ; betrothed # 8211 ; to the Satan, even when we are Christians, merely because of our sin nature. Our rolling Black Marias fall back into his evil weaponries excessively frequently for our ain good. Daily, we must to inquire to be separated from Satan. Our supplication must be for Jesus to repossess our Black Marias, so that He holds us in His loving appreciation, instead than leting the immorality one to maintain his clasp on us. This is an act of day-to-day swearing that He will protect us from our opprobrious bride-to-be. If merely we could interrupt off the deplorable battle for good! Yet we will neer be wholly free from his appreciation until we are at our groom s pess in Eden. One of my favourite parts in the verse form is the stoping. Those lines are so astonishing to me! Take me to You, incarcerate me, for I, except You enthrall me, neer shall be free, nor of all time chaste, except You rape me. Wow. It is merely through our religious captivity to Christ that we are able to be made free. One can merely hold true freedom after he relinquishes his all and resignations himself wholly. For Christ to rape us is so intimate. It s about as if He would spiritually ravish us before we can be clean and pure. I seem to be believing of it as though He is taking my virginity A ; my most sacred portion must be given over to Him A ; but it must non merely be given by me ; He must take it before I can be clean. An act that would usually be seen as vile, dirty or unhallowed, is portrayed as another manner that we are to give ourselves to Him. When God takes us to the full, in every facet of our lives, we will hold true pureness, and merely so. Batter My Heart proves to be a most instructional, introverted, spiritually disputing work of pure art. In reading this fantastic work, I have come to understand that we can non be healed until we are broken. This construct, though non wholly new to me before reading, is now made absolutely clear. I have besides come to recognize we can non lift until we have fallen ; a wholly foreign thought to me until I read this verse form. Another helpful point is that our lives can non be made new without hurting, like the birth of a kid can non be without labour strivings. The connexion between these two had neer been made until my reading. Finally, the most amazing of all the paradoxes mentioned, we are non genuinely free unless we are God # 8217 ; s slaves, and we can non be clean and pure unless He has taken us over wholly.

Top Training Organization

Introduction Employee training and development is important in any organization that wants to have quality employees. In addition, organizations must invest in training and development of both the new and experienced employees while the human resources department must understand the process that should be followed in training and development of employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Top Training Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training and development can be summarized into a five-stage process. First, it is necessary to identify and assess the training needs of the employees. Secondly, training objectives must be set to ascertain the exact desired results (Cummings and Worley, 2008, p.467). During the training process, these objectives should be reviewed regularly to make sure that training is in line with the objectives (Rae, 2000, p.48). Thirdly, a training program should be designed addressi ng the training needs. The fourth step is conducting of the training program while the last stage is evaluation and feedback. PriceWaterHouse Coopers, Microsoft Corporation and General Mills have been successful in their training and development of employees. This has contributed greatly to their high performance and earned them a competitive edge over their competitors. This paper will discuss how these three firms investment in training and development has contributed to their high performance and competitiveness in the market. Price Water House Coopers (PWC) Training and Development PWC is one of the top training organizations since it invests in training and development of both its new and existing employees. Training is a continuous process in pricewaterhouse coopers right from day one. On-the-ob training is offered to all employees, with the new employees starting with an induction program and getting to learn the company’s policies, salaries and benefits, performance e xpectation as well as rules in the organization. On-the-job training also involves training at the workstation where the employees get to learn about the job by doing it practically. Each employee at PWC is assigned a coach irrespective of his level who continuously coaches the employee as he/she progresses with work. Coaching requires trust, patience and confidence from both parties and this creates a conducive working environment (Jackson and Werner, 2008, p.307). Through coaching, the strengths of the employee are built on, while the weaknesses are turned into strengths. Coaching improves the overall performance of the organization since employees will rarely make deadly costly mistakes therefore saving the company losses and holds it reputation high (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006, p.215).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At PWC, there is planned progression of how employees p rogress from lower level positions to higher-level positions. However, this does not just come automatically as moving from lower level to higher level is based on merit and normally determined by an employee’s hardwork, character as well additional formal training, and character among other variables. Employees are therefore motivated to give their best and this improves the performance of the organization (PriceWaterHouse Coopers, 2010). Pricewaterhouse coopers also arrange foe conferences, workshops, and seminars for its employees. Such seminars, workshops and conferences are aimed at covering broad topics related to identified employee training needs or general business topics and issues affecting the audit industry and business in general (Holbeche, 2009, p.251). Employees are also trained on social corporate responsibility and this improves the image of the firm to the outside world. This gives the company a competition edge since it holds a good reputation in the socie ty and the corporate social responsibility activities serve as a form of advertising. Price water house coopers understand that learning is a continuous process. It employs graduates from all disciplines who are then trained in their line of choice. This gives diversity to the labor force and improves on performance since all employees are trained to work as a team irrespective of their diversity. PWC focuses on providing formal education to the employees. New employees are advised to take a professional course such as ACCA or CPA. Employees receive generous support from the organization in terms of finances and time to study. They get full sponsorship of courses taken and during exams; they are given study leave (Gitman and McDonald, 2008, p.211). Such arrangements motivate employees to work hard and give their best. In addition, they want to take advantage of such opportunities that allow them to grow in their career. In addition, an international program allows employees to trave l internationally and have exposure. The programme also integrates various training programs. Employees are also provided with online training and they can access reading materials related to their job online. To facilitate easier access of such information, almost each employee is provided with a laptop, which is eventually paid for in installments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Top Training Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training process in PWC does not end after the training. The firm then conducts performance and evaluation after sometime. The primary objective of evaluation is to establish whether the training objectives were met. It assesses whether employee performance has improved and whether there are more training needs that need to be met. After evaluation, the necessary course of action is taken. The firm tries to strike a balance between the costs associated with training and the be nefits to be received from such training. Microsoft Corporation Training and Development Microsoft Corporation appreciates the importance of employee training and development. The company focuses on establishment and development of employee training programs that will enhance company performance giving and give it a competitive edge over the competitors. This discussion explains how Microsoft Corporation integrates its training program to achieve high performance and remain competitive. At Microsoft Corporation, the main goal of the training and development manager is to design a training programme that will be of value to both the company and the employee. He understands that the training resources should be appropriately allocated in order to take advantage of maximum benefits. However, such a position at MC is very tasking and therefore challenges the holder to plan and schedule the training project appropriately. MC has tried to solve its dilemma in planning and scheduling the t raining projects by coming up with a two-stage process namely; roll out initiative and plan template. The two stages involved start with defining the objectives/goals to be achieved from the training and the mission statement. This helps the organization determine resources required to facilitate the training. A thorough analysis of training needs as well as the participating departments is conducted. The company also makes a decision as to whether the training should be done in-house or outsourced (Microsoft Corporation website, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Microsoft corporation for qualified personnel to provide the training and assesses their ability to deliver quality service. All the departments participating in the training are normally informed of the specific dates, time, and venue. This ensures proper time management in the implementation of the training program and gives the participants a chance to know hence maximize on the opportunity. By developing such a programme, the company is able to establish the main weakness in the employees by reviewing the past needs and then work on such weaknesses and turn them into strengths in order to improve its performance and competitiveness (Heijden, Klink and Meijs, 2009, p.5). Microsoft Corporation normally conducts its training online and therefore creates a website for the training. Online training makes it easy and convenient to conduct the training since the participants do not have to be there physically (Cummings and Worley, 2008, p.420). It can be done to employees located at di fferent geographical locations at the same time provided they can access the website. Microsoft normally uses learning space 4.0 in carrying out its online training, which is effective in that it has many web-based options, installation does not require programming skills, user learning curve is minimal, and it is compatible with AICC-compliant third-party training content (Info World Media, 2002, p.2). This actually saves on costs that would otherwise be incurred on travel allowance, accommodation and other expenses that would be involved if there were physical movements. Such cost minimization techniques makes the company improve on performance giving it a competitive edge over the others. Employees who complete such training programmes successfully are given certificates of participation and completion and this boosts their morale to attend such training programs. Microsoft Corporation recognizes the need to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. Normally, a questionnaire is designed to evaluate on the effectiveness and efficiency of the program and the feedback is usually used to design future training programmes and make improvements where necessary. Such an evaluation ensures that the firm matches the training needs of the employees with the training program. The firms’ performance and competitiveness is enhanced since old unnecessary training programs are faced out and replaced with those that address current and future needs of the firm. Microsoft corporation recognize that the industry in which it operates in has various challenges and the main one being invention and innovation. Technological change is inevitable, MC ensures that employees are up to date with the latest technology especially in software developments. Such employees will be tempted to stay longer in the company, which in return contributes to overall performance of the organization (Network World, 2000, p.41). General Mills Training and Development General mills understand that human resource management is key to quality results and performance. It ensures seeks to have a pool of human resource that possesses the right skills and knowledge. Such a goal can only be realized if training and development is made a continuous process to the employees in order to increase their wealth of ideas and skills (Yasgoor and Bressler, 2008, p.297). Newly recruited employees go through an induction program to make them familiar with the company operation, policies, and rules. They are also allowed to create an individual development plan with assistance from their manager (General Mills website, 2010). Employees therefore get to know what they need in order to grow and prosper in their career in terms of skills, experience, knowledge, and resources. Such plans makes employees strive to achieve their set goals and in so doing, contribute positively towards company performance. To help with provision of formal training, the firm has established an institute known as General Mills Institute. The institute equips employees with the necessary formal training programs that are required to develop effective, efficient, and confident company leaders. For example, newly recruited employees are trained on core business essentials such as business indicators and other areas that are important in achieving GMs goals and objectives. The firm also understands the dynamic needs that are necessary in achieving different career goals hence provides formal training to personnel in various departments such as human resource, marketing, information technology among others. This ensures that the firm gets well-bred professionals in such areas who are able to serve and satisfy the customer need. Once the customers are satisfied, it is easier to retain them and win their loyalty and eventually this contributes to high performance (Wick and Pollock, 2010, p.307). Gm also uses off the job training technique such as web-based learning. Employees access managerial trai ning from the web since they are provided with tools to help them access information and they are also trained on the techniques to apply. Web based learning saves a lot of time for the company and the costs that could have been incurred in moving, hiring training facilitators and so on. It also makes it easier to access the information at a time that is convenient to the employee. This helps in reduction of overall company costs improving its profitability. Gm supports those employees who enroll for job-related courses in approved institutions by either paying their fees or refunding what they have spent (Goldsmith and Lyons, 2006, p.198). Employees who perform well are also given study leave to further their education. Such arrangements ensure that employees continue to enhance their skills resulting to better performance and productivity of both the firm and the employee. A special loan program is also availed to employees who wish to pursue studies or courses that are not work-r elated and even better to finance education of family members. Such a loan program makes employee feel that educational welfare of their families is taken care of thus they are able to concentrate better work with less worries. Conclusion Training and development of employees is unavoidable in all organizations. It is a very expensive investment to the company but the benefits that arise because of such investment outweigh the costs (Green, 2002). Organizations must therefore design a viable training and development program. From the discussion above, it is evident that successful organizations integrate both on the job and off-the job training. Proper training and development improves both company’s performance and competitiveness in the market. Reference List Cummings, T. G. Worley, C., 2008. Organization development change. KY: Cengage Learning. Web. General Mills website. 2010. General Mills website. Web. Gitman, J. McDaniel, C., 2008. The Future of Business: The Essen tials. KY: Cengage Learning. Web. Goldsmith, M. Lyons, L., 2006. Coaching for leadership: the practice of leadership coaching from the world’s greatest coaches. NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Web. Green, G., 2002. Training and Development. NY: Capstone. Heijden, B., Klink, M. and Meijs, E., 2009. International Journal of Training and Development, Volume 13, Issue 1. Web. Holbeche, L., 2009. Aligning human resources and business strategy. MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Web. Info World Media. 2000. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. Web. Jackson, S. Werner, S., 2008. Managing Human Resources. KY: Cengage Learning. Web. Koontz, H. Weihrich, H., 2006. Essentials of Management. KolkataTata: McGraw-Hill. Web. Microsoft Corporation website. 2010. Microsoft Corporation website. Web. Network World. 2000. MAIDG Network World Inc. Web. PriceWaterHouse Coopers. 2010. Training and development. PriceWaterHouse Coopers. Web. Rae, L., 2000. Effective Planning in Training and Development. London: Kogan Pag e Publishers. Wick, C. Pollock, R., 2010. The Six Disciplines of Breakthrough Learning: How to Turn Training and Development Into Business Results. NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Web. Yasgoor, K. Bressler, S., 2008. Kaplan Human Resource Certification: Proven, Practical Tools to Help You Pass the PHR and SPHR Exams. NY: Kaplan Publishing. Web. This essay on Top Training Organization was written and submitted by user Izayah Oneal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sitting Bull Essay Example

Sitting Bull Paper If we live to the biblical life-span of three score years and ten, then the vast majority of our life-cycle will be spent in adulthood an area about which little was known in terms of psychological theory and research until fairly recently. Indeed Levinson et al (1978) go so far as to describe adulthood as one of the best-kept secrets in our society and probably in human history, generally . Can it be possible that by applying the psychological perspective of a theory of lives to an adults passage through life that we could gain a better understanding of an individuals life structure or as Levinson (1978) describes the concept the underlying pattern or design of a persons life at a given time (quoted in Sugarman p. 103)? In an effort to answer this question, I have chosen to examine the life of possibly one of the best known Native American Chiefs namely Sitting Bull (Tatanka-Iyotanka) of the Hunkpapa Sioux. I chose to read 2 biographies on Sitting Bull and although both are on the same person, the authors use different approaches to provide insights into the mans character. The main theories of lives which I chose to apply in this assignment were those of Erikson, (with particular reference to his development of ego strengths) and Maslow, since I felt that they were likely to be more relevant, given Sitting Bulls cultural background, then a more modern theory such as Levinsons. We will write a custom essay sample on Sitting Bull specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sitting Bull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sitting Bull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, much of Eriksons research was done amongst the Sioux Indians while if we were to look at the fifteen characteristic traits of self-actualising people as identified by Maslow (quoted in Sugarman, pp. 31-34), then it could certainly be suggested that Sitting Bull was operating successfully at some, if not indeed all, of these levels. Stanley Vestals biography Sitting Bull Champion of the Sioux (3rd ed. 1989) approached the character of Sitting Bull by way of the literary method after spending 5 years gathering information for the original edition of the book in 1932. Vestal spent much of his youth living in Indian Territory, playing games with Cheyenne and Arapaho boys and consequently developing what would seem to be an abiding interest in their culture. Upon deciding to write a biography on Sitting Bull after the first World War, he returned to Sioux country where there were still tribal members living who had experienced Indian life firsthand along with some who had known Sitting Bull personally. It is worth mentioning here that only those who actually knew the Sioux and could merit their confidence were able to secure factual data so perhaps a strong point in Vestals favour, at least from my personal point of view, was the realisation that he had obviously gained enough of the Siouxs confidence to be adopted, as a son, in 1929 by One Bull, a nephew of Sitting Bull; who along with another nephew, White Bull (supposedly the Indian who actually killed Custer at Little Big Horn) provided their support and co-operation to enable their uncles life story to be printed. Indeed for more than half a century, Vestals work dominated book-shelves as the standard biography of Sitting Bull, a fact acknowledged by Robert Utley in my other chosen reading The Lance and the Shield: The Life and Times of Sitting Bull (1998) which builds the character of Sitting Bull by historical method; although he does admit that sources he used provided him with enough persuasive evidence to corroborate the essence of the image recalled for Vestal by White Bull, One Bull and the other Indians of the 1920s The problem which Utley seems to suffer from is similar to the one which I also faced when attempting to apply the relevance of a theory of lives to Sitting Bulls life-history in that it is difficult to look at him in terms of his cultural norms and not mine, although there are occasions when it has been possible to use what little knowledge I have learned about his culture to perhaps better understand his motivations or at least not pass judgement on him through my lack of understanding. Sitting Bull was born in March 1831 at Many-Caches on the south bank of Grand River, South Dakota. As a child he was nicknamed Slow, seemingly because even as a child, he did not instantly put food from his hand to his mouth (as is the habit of most babies) but instead held the food in his hand, constantly turning it over and looking at it before deciding to eat it although once he accepted it, however, he never let go (Vestal, p. 3), and as we will discover this tenacity was a characteristic which he maintained right up to the day that he died. Even as a child, Sitting Bull was proud of his nation and longed for the time when he could share the brave adventures of the warriors. We need to understand here that to the Sioux prestige, especially won on the warpath was an all important dream so it seems small wonder that at the age of 14, Sitting Bull was so eager to prove to the Sioux that he was a man that he followed his father and other warriors on a raid against the Crow where he successfully achieved the goal of every Indian warrior namely counting coup, i. e.touching or striking the enemy with the hand or with a coup-stick. Although our culture may find it difficult to comprehend, Indians regarded hand-to-hand combat as the only manly form of battle even after they had obtained long-range weapons because the prime object of Plains Indian warfare was not bloodshed or manslaughter of the enemy, but a way of distinguishing oneself. Consequently, counting coup was rated by the Indians as a more greater war honour than the mere killing of an enemy and indeed all their social privileges were dependent upon achieving as many coups as possible. Small wonder then that at age 14, Sitting Bull appeared to be particularly concerned with finding his own personal space in Sioux adult society. He certainly seems to have obtained formal operational thought as defined by Piaget in that he could think what others would think of him, because before riding off to join his father and the other warriors, he was able to conceive that had he informed his mother and his two sisters of his intentions then they would soon remind him that he was just a boy, only fourteen years old (Vestal, p. 8), and also of how upon catching up with the other warriors he felt the silent disapproval of these men (Vestal, p. 8). At this stage of his life, Sitting Bull might be seen as matching Eriksons 5th stage of psychosocial development, since he seems to have gained some understanding of the values and beliefs of his culture to which he felt he must show commitment and loyalty, thus he appears to have been successful in producing the ego strength of fidelity whereby the need is felt to be true to ourselves. Indeed, Erikson suggests that the achievement of a sense of self-identity can carry people through difficult times in their lives and provide them with a feeling of being at home in ones body, a sense of knowing where one is going and an inner assurance of anticipated recognition from those who count (Gross p. 633) It might also be suggested that even at the young age of 14, Sitting Bull seems to be motivated to address himself to the 4th level in Maslows hierarchy of needs self esteem, since he appears to be seeking a high level of self-respect and also respect from others which, when satisfied, leads as Maslow suggests to feelings of self-confidence, worth, strength, capability, and adequacy, of being useful and necessary in the world (Maslow, 1970, p.45 quoted in Sugarman, p. 31). Having achieved a sense of adult identity, Erikson suggests that the developmental task of early adulthood is to achieve the ego strength of love achieved through the establishment of intimacy the adaptive outcome of his 6th psychosocial stage. The maladaptive outcome of this stage is isolation, although it should be stressed here that Erikson does not see these adaptive/maladaptive personality outcomes as either/or alternatives, suggesting instead that every personality represents a mixture of both with healthy development involving the adaptive outweighing the maladaptive. With regard to Sitting Bulls exploits in early adulthood, it should be recognised that Sioux mores exalted female chastity a point seemingly observed by General Sully in his official statement that the females of the wild bands of Sioux, called the Teton Sioux, set an example of virtue worthy of being copied by any civilized nation (Vestal p. 24).

The Euro and Its Potential for essays

The Euro and Its Potential for essays The Euro and Its Potential for Harmfully Affecting Britain Great Britain, a leading country in the world since the industrial revolution is likely to eliminate a major barrier between itself and the formation of a European state in the next several years. The introduction of a new currency, the Euro, and the loss of their own, the pound, could happen as early as the end of this year. To understand why Britain faces the possibility of changing currencies at the beginning of the twenty- first century and why this would be a mistake, you must first understand the history of the European Union. The European Union is an Organization of European countries concerning trade, defense and politics that was created in 1993. However, its roots date back to the Western European Union, or the WEU, a Union that was formed in 1948 because of the Soviets. The WEU more specifically was an agreement to pool military resources. Great Britain was not among the six nations that signed this treaty. In 1957, a very important development occurred, the WEU created the EEC or the European Economic Community. Britain did not take part in the WEU however, or the EEC, and came up with an alternative forum for trade, the European Free Trade Agreement in 1960. Britain soon realized it had taken up with only the smaller countries in the EFTA and applied for the EEC in 1961. They did not gain admittance into the EEC until 1973, when new French President George Pompidou did not bar their admittance, as his predecessor De Gaulle had done. Between 1961 and 1973 the EEC merged with the WEU to form the Eur opean Community. When Britain joined in 1973 they had to not only accepted the terms of the EEC but the WEU as well. Britains reluctant involvement with the EC and its further development the EU has continued to reflect their desire for free trade, not a European state. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1993. It formally created the European Union by doin...

CLASS ROSTER PROJECT and Summary Grade by Artifact Coursework

CLASS ROSTER PROJECT and Summary Grade by Artifact - Coursework Example Analogous to the hierarchical model only there's no parent/child difference. Any record kind may be linked with any number of dissimilar record types. Data quality and operations on the attributes are summarizing inside objects. Objects can inherit properties, can be widespread to form new objects, and are reusable. The O-O model is a quite original way of looking at things. Just remember that these are universal policy. Common sense will constantly require to be applied to check the excellence of the relationship modeling. Again this step is supposed to be done extremely methodically. A relation in 4NF that does not have a unite dependency. A link dependency occurs when a relation cannot be alienated into two (or more) relations such that the ensuing tables can be recombined to form the unique table. By means of normalization entire we know move on to step 3, where we step back at our normalized relations and see of there's any way we can logical combinations we can make to simplify the set, decrease overlap, and/or increase competence. One of the major complaints concerning relational databases is the intricacy of the relations themselves. That is, how everything's split out into every these tables. This is where we effort to reduce that difficulty.